@GraniRau Rauðgrani ᚱᛆᚢᚦᚴᚱᛆᚿᛁ ♓ ♈ ♌ Green-eyed shitlord

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@tav_ze To overcome this you will have to learn to let go of fear. I recommend doing a ritual before going to sleep. If you have nightmares then this will block them. The fear of going to sleep will be overcome. In time you won't be so afraid of dark places.

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Egyptian priest with a miniature shrine of Amun. Ptolemaic period.

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Freedom from fate is a silly thing to promise. First of all, just promising something doesn't make it true. Christians are just as subject to their fates as anyone else. Nor does Christianity promise this, not really. Christianity teaches predestination. https://t.co/CND0QNGaiu https://t.co/URZKId8G1S
Freedom from fate is a silly thing to promise. First of all, just promising something doesn't make it true. Christians are just as subject to their fates as anyone else. Nor does Christianity promise this, not really. Christianity teaches predestination.
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@Morrigan_Astro Green eyes are a treasure of humanity

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This guy is the direct descendant of 10th century kings and warlords. A scion of Hugh Capet.

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So if troons don't have access to perform and parade their obsession in front of children they will shoot up schools.

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This is a Greek mosaic showing the evil eye. That is a particular type of ill influence from the envy or spell of another person, or even a spirit. All these threatening charms are pointed at the evil eye. The scorpion is a very common standalone against it and very old. https://t.co/2waqbFJiuw
This amulet is another example, note how they are all warding off the evil eye.

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This amulet is another example, note how they are all warding off the evil eye. https://t.co/FZYa22Iquk
Saint George on the other side. This is an early medieval Byzantine amulet.

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This is a Greek mosaic showing the evil eye. That is a particular type of ill influence from the envy or spell of another person, or even a spirit. All these threatening charms are pointed at the evil eye. The scorpion is a very common standalone against it and very old.

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This is a very common Roman type. Not particularly Priapic. So it didn't have to be exaggerated at all. https://t.co/xxKpdGZqpD
Everyday items we find in droves like oil lamps had the Fascinum on them. Thing is this image wasn't of Dionysus or Priapos. It pre dated Greek influence in Latium and was associated with the cult of Vesta, the(maiden, chaste) hearth fire goddess.

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Symbolos itself is an interesting word, means something like an omen or indication of something spiritual in Greek. Anyway, these examples are from Italy and Germany. https://t.co/VsfQ7hFHEu
This is a very common Roman type. Not particularly Priapic. So it didn't have to be exaggerated at all.

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This was still known in medieval times, the exposed vagina was used as a symbol(sometimes more abstract like left) to protect buildings including churches. https://t.co/g206s99pDY
Symbolos itself is an interesting word, means something like an omen or indication of something spiritual in Greek. Anyway, these examples are from Italy and Germany.

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This was still known in medieval times, the exposed vagina was used as a symbol(sometimes more abstract like left) to protect buildings including churches.

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Egyptian depiction of the Roman Emperor Trajan.

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How to become a wolf or a bear according to a spell book. https://t.co/1Jf0k5wqxz
The idea here is that some afflictions may be caused by bad wights, possibly sent by a wizard. So these stories are used in spells in conjunction with treatment(there's large lists of cures and medicines). Just in case.

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Spells from 17th and 18th century Swedish manuscripts. The black books. https://t.co/nXi9x0JpI7
How to become a wolf or a bear according to a spell book.

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Spells from 17th and 18th century Swedish manuscripts. The black books.

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Runestone from Västmanland, Sweden. Probably 11th century. It was raised for Oþindisa, wife of Holmgautr the farmer. She was the best wife around, and a good sister to Sigmundr. Summary of it. ᚬᚦᛁᚿᛏᛁᛋᚢ, her name, is up in the right corner. It means Woman of Odin.

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Buddhist temple in Thailand. Thus I refute it. https://t.co/lSTfqrWEaC https://t.co/1SUdnJ7FQQ
: A Confucian and Hindu temple both in Vietnam.

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Buddhist temple in Thailand. Thus I refute it.
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It's wild how everyone can have other meanings and expanded interpretations in their religions but us. Letters nothing to see here. https://t.co/7pHmBne8Zk https://t.co/p3LXhPYnmz
It's wild how everyone can have other meanings and expanded interpretations in their religions but us. Letters nothing to see here.
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I'd want my son to slay his enemies. I wouldn't want to cripple him for life with puberty blockers and hormonal treatments. Easy one.

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@AlbionRisingXXI Men have that, women have this.

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What's being sacrificed is energy. Not the food itself. Energy from the food and what you put into it. That's given to the God and then they return an effect or their favor. Same with other offerings. An animal, or an object like a sword. https://t.co/hfYw4hc2fb https://t.co/O5XIdJ3gFS
What's being sacrificed is energy. Not the food itself. Energy from the food and what you put into it. That's given to the God and then they return an effect or their favor. Same with other offerings. An animal, or an object like a sword.
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Hinduism is more like ancient Greek religion than anything else today. Wheter you want to look at philosophy or ritual. And a random Mongol is more like a steppe Indo European than anyone in the West. Anyone debating it should at least know what they are talking about.

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The Vedas enshrined ancient knowledge of rituals and worldview and poetry that are relevant to us. They even talk about constructing a burial mound.

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Exercise is 100% white supremacist and patriarchal.
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@GraniRau: I may seem harsh in saying this but Christianity short of the religion itself didn't bring in anything new. We'd have to judge it off the Jews if we wanted to culturally posture, and they invented nothing themselves. To the right is the material most lived in. Literal mud houses.

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I don't usually lower myself to this discourse anymore. But I couldn't let this one go by. Sacrificed an infant every year? What a lie. Where did they pull that one from? Same place as they do most things, their asses.

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Conducting a social experiment. Does knowing I have green eyes make you more likely to read my more academic or polemic threads? https://t.co/ZDaa4FeKip
: I ask you to answer my poll.

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Conducting a social experiment. Does knowing I have green eyes make you more likely to read my more academic or polemic threads?

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I always tell them to go outside and look up. You will see Zeus. Not a metaphor either. Look up. https://t.co/buE5e8W0XB https://t.co/O3OZCOkTdZ
I always tell them to go outside and look up. You will see Zeus. Not a metaphor either. Look up.
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This Roman coin has an owl, eagle, and peacock. This is the Capitoline Triad. Minerva, Jupiter, Juno.

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Roman imperial era, statue of a woman. Her name is Plancia Magna from Perge. Pay attention to the inscription. It says she was priestess of Artemis Pergaia(of Perge, the patron goddesss of the city) and a priestess of the imperial culture.

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@GraniRau: This is a depiction of Mercury, 水星(water star). He's holding a brush and scroll, showing the common writing association. And he has a monkey. Not a a thing in Europe, but the Egptian deity Thoth(Hermes Trismegistus) associated with Mercury was often depicted as a monkey.

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@GraniRau: This was one of the royal residences of the wealthy African Kingdom of Dahomey. This was considered really impressive and luxurious in 17th or 18th century West Africa.

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@GraniRau: Another page of the manuscript we started with. This is 火星(fiery star). Mars, Mangala in jyotish. He's depicted with a horse and weapons, as would be expected.

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Saturn is also an old man with a walking stick. And that despite the time and distance here. Aspects of this deity went into other iconography. Depictions of Father Time, and Death, have Saturn's iconography too. Fitting in with what spheres he rules over. https://t.co/ZkjdWJLW2y
: A 14th century depiction of Death in Europe. Death was often depicted with spears or arrows as often as a scythe, and here he rides a black ox. Hindoos may also think of Yamaraj.

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@GraniRau: Saturn is also an old man with a walking stick. And that despite the time and distance here. Aspects of this deity went into other iconography. Depictions of Father Time, and Death, have Saturn's iconography too. Fitting in with what spheres he rules over.

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From a Japanese scroll on astrology. 12th century. The illustration depicts 土星(the earthen star), Saturn. Shani in jyotish. Vedic astrology was transmitted to Japan with Buddhism in the early stages. It combined with other spiritual ideas.

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Roman Republic coin. What's amusing here is that it actually shows how they did some voting. A tablet dropped into a jar. The toga shows the citizen status of the voter and the formality of the occasion.

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No one would have cared much about some pimp. Unless he was getting their decent women involved. Guys back then didn't care what other women, the indecent ones, were doing. He would have been part of the disreputable underbelly of society but not remarkable.
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13th century crozier, for fun https://t.co/HrhGkvKOpy
: Early Christian art depicting Jesus as a Roman priest complete with the staff. For context he's magically conjuring up bread.

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Altar with a priest, sacrificer, and animals. The staff was a badge of office for the priest and used as a tool in augury, the fantasy wizard staff and the bishop's crozier are from this design. https://t.co/0xRRKjKbMO
: 13th century crozier, for fun

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An altar on a Roman coin. Design may seem familiar to some. https://t.co/wgOd5sGoZN
: Pouring a libation into the fire.

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Pouring a libation into the fire. https://t.co/ZujV4k7BD4
: Altar with a priest, sacrificer, and animals. The staff was a badge of office for the priest and used as a tool in augury, the fantasy wizard staff and the bishop's crozier are from this design.

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An altar on a Roman coin. Design may seem familiar to some.

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@GraniRau: I'm sure many remember thos being shared around multiple times. Very typical feminist talking point. First thing I notice is the confusion of respect, love, and sex. I've seen this time and gain, women don't seem to understand the difference between those.

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Then there's Teotihuacan. This stuff here was contemporary with imperial Rome. The big pyramid on the left is one of the biggest in the world. https://t.co/MRVHahoKmj
: Same with this one, also from Teotihuacan.

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This Mayan temple is over 2000 years old, built before the more known classical period. https://t.co/wRhhVKp7oX
: Then there's Teotihuacan. This stuff here was contemporary with imperial Rome. The big pyramid on the left is one of the biggest in the world.

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Carved right into the cliff and this is all from just one section. Inside pictures are a chaitya(reliquary for the ashes of cremated monks) and murals of Buddhas. https://t.co/Y1vgw3NXZX
: This Mayan temple is over 2000 years old, built before the more known classical period.

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@GraniRau: Carved right into the cliff and this is all from just one section. Inside pictures are a chaitya(reliquary for the ashes of cremated monks) and murals of Buddhas.

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This coin from Samos has an image of the archaic pillar Hera from the temple there. In line with other findings in this thread and a record of the long lost cult image from that famous temple. As I said in the thread at the center of temples these very old idols were kept.
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Essen Cathedral's golden idol of Mary. 10th century.

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@GraniRau: "The natives" being the nearest group of brown people with a strange language and feathers/furs might make sense if you are wandering around with a rifle and pith helmet.

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@GraniRau: That is another important example. The suitors in the Odyssey are given warnings about their coming fate. Simple admonishments that their behavior will catch up to them. Omens from the gods. The seer telling them. But they do not listen. Here Athena doles out fate to one of them.

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@GraniRau: When Odysseus consults the prophet Tiresias about the future, Tiresias warns him that he and his crew will make it back home if they show restraint and endure when it is needed. We know how that goes, the crew doesn't and all end up dying. Odysseus shows restraint and survives.

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ὑπὲρ μόρον is the phrase. "Beyond fate". Zeus is saying here that mortals add sufferings that are not fated to be, through their own doing. He is referencing Aegisthos here. Aegisthos plotted with Clytemnestra to kill Agamemnon. Zeus sent Hermes to him to warn him to stop. https://t.co/BHkOvyln5m
: If Aegisthos does succeed, he will end up tearing Mycenae apart and both he and Clytemnestra will be killed by Orestes son of Agamemnon. Aegisthos did not listen to Hermes about any of this, and things went exactly like the god warned him when he did it anyway

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If Aegisthos does succeed, he will end up tearing Mycenae apart and both he and Clytemnestra will be killed by Orestes son of Agamemnon. Aegisthos did not listen to Hermes about any of this, and things went exactly like the god warned him when he did it anyway https://t.co/jwaDtu6acX
: Aegisthos could have avoided that particular fate. Because not everything is pre-ordained, and choices and reactions are not either. Certain events are pre-ordained, and when they are circumstances wind their way to that end no matter what anyone does. That is what fate is.

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In the Odyssey, right at the start Zeus says “Look you now, how ready mortals are to blame the gods. It is from us, they say, that evils come, but they even of themselves, through their own blind folly, have sorrows beyond that which is ordained." There is something interesting https://t.co/OlYROpFIkD
: ὑπὲρ μόρον is the phrase. "Beyond fate". Zeus is saying here that mortals add sufferings that are not fated to be, through their own doing. He is referencing Aegisthos here. Aegisthos plotted with Clytemnestra to kill Agamemnon. Zeus sent Hermes to him to warn him to stop.

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Eurystheus was also a descendant of Perseus, so he fit the criteria and got that position by fate. So he ended up being the king and Herakles had to serve him. Herakles instead got a hard life of suffering and hardship. But Herakles ascended to heaven on a pillar of fire https://t.co/p5WxiOIAVk
: In the Odyssey, right at the start Zeus says “Look you now, how ready mortals are to blame the gods. It is from us, they say, that evils come, but they even of themselves, through their own blind folly, have sorrows beyond that which is ordained." There is something interesting

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Another example from the Iliad is the story of Herakles' birth. Zeus told the gods that a descendant of Perseus was going to be born that day that would be a great king. Herakles would have had that fate. But Hera delayed his birth and made Eurystheus be born prematurely. https://t.co/XBFkCmkQb2
: Eurystheus was also a descendant of Perseus, so he fit the criteria and got that position by fate. So he ended up being the king and Herakles had to serve him. Herakles instead got a hard life of suffering and hardship. But Herakles ascended to heaven on a pillar of fire

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Achilles brings up the jars of Zeus in conversation with Priam(king of Troy). Zeus has a jar full of good fortune, and another full of bad fortune, and he distributes some of these to every life born into the world. But not once is it said there is no choice in how one reacts. https://t.co/zD1B6b4qz9
: Another example from the Iliad is the story of Herakles' birth. Zeus told the gods that a descendant of Perseus was going to be born that day that would be a great king. Herakles would have had that fate. But Hera delayed his birth and made Eurystheus be born prematurely.

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Achilles is on the left, Memnon is on the right. Hermes is in between then, and it you look on the left you can see scales, the right end is heavier. Memnon is doomed. This is https://t.co/oojfW3A0s6
: Achilles brings up the jars of Zeus in conversation with Priam(king of Troy). Zeus has a jar full of good fortune, and another full of bad fortune, and he distributes some of these to every life born into the world. But not once is it said there is no choice in how one reacts.

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When Achilles and Hector fight, Zeus takes out scales and weighs the death(literally the death spirit) of both of them. Hector's turns out heavier, so he is doomed. The dying Hector tells Achilles of his own death soon to come. Achilles accepts this and is untroubled. https://t.co/LkPVZOoApD
: Achilles is on the left, Memnon is on the right. Hermes is in between then, and it you look on the left you can see scales, the right end is heavier. Memnon is doomed. This is

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Achilles almost gets killed by drowning in the Scamandros River. Which would mean he would not meet the fate of dying by Trojan arrows or avoiding that by gong home. Again, the gods intervene to stop the river from killing Achilles right there. https://t.co/HJqNyRXQQg
: When Achilles and Hector fight, Zeus takes out scales and weighs the death(literally the death spirit) of both of them. Hector's turns out heavier, so he is doomed. The dying Hector tells Achilles of his own death soon to come. Achilles accepts this and is untroubled.

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Not only do the gods make sure Aeneas lives, Poseidon warns Aeneas not to try to fight Achilles again. Lest he die before he can fulfill his destiny. The god also tells Aeneas that after Achilles dies he has nothing to fear, he will live through the rest of the war unharmed. https://t.co/uhZJCbSrIk
: Achilles almost gets killed by drowning in the Scamandros River. Which would mean he would not meet the fate of dying by Trojan arrows or avoiding that by gong home. Again, the gods intervene to stop the river from killing Achilles right there.

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Another case is when Aeneas challenges Achilles. Aeneas is fated to lead the Trojans after the war, and re-found Troy and the royal line. But the gods see that Achilles is likely going to end up killing him which could mess that up, so they intervene to keep Aeneas alive. https://t.co/w5fLvlumrc
: Not only do the gods make sure Aeneas lives, Poseidon warns Aeneas not to try to fight Achilles again. Lest he die before he can fulfill his destiny. The god also tells Aeneas that after Achilles dies he has nothing to fear, he will live through the rest of the war unharmed.

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In another instance, Patroclus is facing Sarpedon in single combat. Sarpedon is a son of Zeus and king of Lykia. Zeus knows Sarpedon is going to be killed, and considers changing his fate by moving him back to Lykia from Troy. But Zeus decides not to, upholding fate as it is. https://t.co/iGnpGzoYhz
: Another case is when Aeneas challenges Achilles. Aeneas is fated to lead the Trojans after the war, and re-found Troy and the royal line. But the gods see that Achilles is likely going to end up killing him which could mess that up, so they intervene to keep Aeneas alive.

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In another case, Patroclus just about storms Troy after he chases the Trojan army to their city walls. Only an intervention from Apollo stops him. The gods were actually concerned that Patroclus may change the course of fate itself, and drastically alter events to come. https://t.co/dpUmNrssTm
: In another instance, Patroclus is facing Sarpedon in single combat. Sarpedon is a son of Zeus and king of Lykia. Zeus knows Sarpedon is going to be killed, and considers changing his fate by moving him back to Lykia from Troy. But Zeus decides not to, upholding fate as it is.

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@GraniRau: In another case, Patroclus just about storms Troy after he chases the Trojan army to their city walls. Only an intervention from Apollo stops him. The gods were actually concerned that Patroclus may change the course of fate itself, and drastically alter events to come.

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Homer is a good place to start, because his epics have fate and statements about it throughout. One thing that will be noticed on a close reading, is that fate does not have just one option for an individual. It is to some degree conditional. Achilles is the most famous example. https://t.co/VgGIfNgDLR
: His fate if he stays in the Trojan War is to die there but have fame forever. But if he didn't go to Troy, or left before his death caught up to him, he'd live a long and average life at his home, but not be remembered. That's two paths in front of him for his lifespan.

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I am sick to death of early Christian writers, so no more on that. I want to discuss the concept of fate on our terms, not their distortions. Though the distortion also comes through in popular conceptions and cliff notes studies of mythology(always Greek of course). https://t.co/uYEp5NfReR
: Homer is a good place to start, because his epics have fate and statements about it throughout. One thing that will be noticed on a close reading, is that fate does not have just one option for an individual. It is to some degree conditional. Achilles is the most famous example.

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@GraniRau: I am sick to death of early Christian writers, so no more on that. I want to discuss the concept of fate on our terms, not their distortions. Though the distortion also comes through in popular conceptions and cliff notes studies of mythology(always Greek of course).

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On Fate and Free Will. Part 1 on Homer. Been wanting to write something on this a while. It is a topic of great interest in pagan lore. There is a huge misconception that the idea of fate means that choices and actions are all predetermined. This is not the case at all.

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Runestone from Uppland, Sweden. 11th century

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6th century anti-pagan purges in Greece and Anatolia. Started by a Syrian named Yuhannan. They tortured and killed people to get conversions, typical sort of thing.

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There you have it, Christmas trees are pagan idolatry. Which is why I enjoy putting a Yule tree up. This also makes a point I have tried to impress. God does NOT like the customs of non-Jews. So they have to try hard to BE Jews, or go into frenzies of self hatred.

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I have seen a lot of nationalists of the right wing spectrum wonder why certain groups like East Asians seem to be "based" and are not self hating wrecks like a lot of Westerners are. It is simple. Their cultures are based on THEM. Not some other group(that hates them no less). https://t.co/KgZRjoBONg
: They aren't taught to shit on their own ancestors. They never developed that mass psychosis and identity crisis. Why do you think we in the West had a frenzy of iconoclasm and Puritans in the past few centuries?

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@GraniRau: I have seen a lot of nationalists of the right wing spectrum wonder why certain groups like East Asians seem to be "based" and are not self hating wrecks like a lot of Westerners are. It is simple. Their cultures are based on THEM. Not some other group(that hates them no less).

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Left: Jephthah sacrificing his daughter. Happens in the Book of Judges. The apologetics that Christians use for this first came from Jewish writers and rabbis. Right: Agamemnon stopped from sacrificing his daughter Iphigenia. If you must apply apologetics, why not for this one? https://t.co/0iI6Jjeg49
: I could go on. Why defend an Israelite raid from the Bible, but not a viking raid that sacked a monastery? Why build monuments to the Jewish martyrs of the Maccabean war, but not to heathens like Raud the Strong who were tortured to death by Christians?

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@GraniRau: If you have a problem with THIS, but nothing above or in my pinned thread, you illustrate what I mean when I say that our(European) moral axiology is off center. Of course, plenty of people probably would say that they have a problem with both, but I doubt it is an equal problem.

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If you have a problem with THIS, but nothing above or in my pinned thread, you illustrate what I mean when I say that our(European) moral axiology is off center. Of course, plenty of people probably would say that they have a problem with both, but I doubt it is an equal problem. https://t.co/V5mbg2hZVp
: Left: Jephthah sacrificing his daughter. Happens in the Book of Judges. The apologetics that Christians use for this first came from Jewish writers and rabbis. Right: Agamemnon stopped from sacrificing his daughter Iphigenia. If you must apply apologetics, why not for this one?

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Joshua 10, more of the same on a bigger scale. I am so glad people don't revere heathens like these Israelites anymore. No huge monuments to their heroes and prophets all over Europe and America. We live in a modern, Western society that does not justify itself with savages. https://t.co/i5pTQXbKNL
: I will make my point clear for once. Subtlety doesn't usually seem to work. We are conditioned to shit on our own ancestors(and everyone else for that matter). Why? They were savages, they were barbaric, they did this that and the other thing OMG!

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We see examples of the victor doing this to the conquered in Joshua 8. Keep in mind, they also cherem'd the entire living population of the city. See my pinned thread for what that means. https://t.co/ZZ7wYkXfWZ
: Joshua 10, more of the same on a bigger scale. I am so glad people don't revere heathens like these Israelites anymore. No huge monuments to their heroes and prophets all over Europe and America. We live in a modern, Western society that does not justify itself with savages.

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Moses and his Cushite(East African) wife. His sister was struck with leprosy for criticizing his marriage to a foreigner. But an exception was made here, possibly because Cushites weren't considered impure like others were. This was approved by Yahweh himself. https://t.co/R2TgkqyiNG
: We see examples of the victor doing this to the conquered in Joshua 8. Keep in mind, they also cherem'd the entire living population of the city. See my pinned thread for what that means.

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Phinehas son of Aaron continued the bloody appeasement by killing an Israelite man and his Midianite wife. Kind of strange that the Israelites right after this kill all the Midianites except the female virgins which they enslave. Guess that's more acceptable than a marriage. https://t.co/tMiLtjWLPc
: Moses and his Cushite(East African) wife. His sister was struck with leprosy for criticizing his marriage to a foreigner. But an exception was made here, possibly because Cushites weren't considered impure like others were. This was approved by Yahweh himself.

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They were impaled before Yahweh. This phrase is not unique to this part. Moses also was instructed to do this to every chief among the people to appease Yahweh when he was displeased. Running theme, and just horribly savage and barbaric. Thank goodness I live in the secular times https://t.co/NYIbGYOjwa
: Phinehas son of Aaron continued the bloody appeasement by killing an Israelite man and his Midianite wife. Kind of strange that the Israelites right after this kill all the Midianites except the female virgins which they enslave. Guess that's more acceptable than a marriage.

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This is an illustration of the sons and grandsons of Saul impaled(or hung up) on the mountain of the LORD in Gibeon. Interesting. They took them to Yahweh's place to sacrifice them. Also timed it to the start of the barley harvest. Since this was to end famine, the point is clear https://t.co/6X2SfVCiTO
: They were impaled before Yahweh. This phrase is not unique to this part. Moses also was instructed to do this to every chief among the people to appease Yahweh when he was displeased. Running theme, and just horribly savage and barbaric. Thank goodness I live in the secular times

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@GraniRau: This is an illustration of the sons and grandsons of Saul impaled(or hung up) on the mountain of the LORD in Gibeon. Interesting. They took them to Yahweh's place to sacrifice them. Also timed it to the start of the barley harvest. Since this was to end famine, the point is clear

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The entire story of how David offered up the children and grandchildren of Saul, to end a famine. It has all the steps. David "inquired", which means some form of divination, oracle, or cleromancy. Specifics not often not detailed because later redactors didn't like to highlight

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Artifact of the La Tène archaeological culture. Over 2000 years old, possibly within the Classical period of Greece. Found in Germany.

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Viking Funeral. Painting by Frank Dicksee.

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Yamnaya artifact. Around 5000 year old. The tube parts were obviously for a necklace. The hammers there also have holes for a strong of some sort. I'd like to connect these to the thunder god's hammer, but who knows what was meant by these.

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3000-3300 year old bronze artifact, most likely Urnfield Culture. Sometimes these are referred to as cult artifacts, wagons or chariots due to their wheels.

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Celtic flagons, 2400-2500 years old. Found in France. Associated with the La Tene archaeological culture.

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@DustAndDesire I had this stored away, got it when making a thread, didn't use it. Might end up doing something with it.

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@hateisbad1 Their religion is entirely about a desire to avoid punishment, and dressing that up as "love". Very pragmatic, too. They serve, repeat the doctrines, and make motions at love, to get rewarded and avoid punishment. Entirely selfish.

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Early 4th century ship found in a bog in Denmark. Many other items(including parts of another ship, weapons, combs, riding equipment) have been found there at Nydam bog.

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Mesolithic period fishhooks(8000-10000 years old) found in Denmark.

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4th century pendants found in a grave in Poland (old Silesia). Examples of lunulas and axes. These may be Gothic artifacts. The axe amulet was associated with the Thunder God, whatever he was called in the language(Thor, Donar, Thunor, Perun, Perkunas, Taara, Tarapita)

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Glass beakers from a 4th century grave in northern Poland(old Pomerania).

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Necklace with amber. Found at a Przeworsk culture site in Poland. This is an archaeological culture that lasted up to the time of the Hun invasion. Influences from the Romans and Goths(who were also in the area) are known.

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16th century "Ancient History" manuscript. This depicts the coronation of Alexander the Great. The artist had some interesting ideas about armor in antiquity, and I like them.

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16th century "Ancient History" manuscript. This depicts the coronation of Alexander the Great. The artist had some interesting ideas about armor in antiquity, and I like them. https://t.co/UNWihuV2KM
: From the same volume, Caesar crossing the Rubicon in the Roman Civil War. It depicts Caesar's legions as the Holy Roman Empire, down to the standards and livery.

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There are many kamui associated with all sorts of things. Village boundary guardians, the hearth, the hunt, knowledge of various crafts, in addition to the nature associations(which overlap). So the kamui of the hunt, is also associated with plants the Ainu used to make poison https://t.co/huMN7vjeNP
: These gods are sometimes abstract or elemental(some aren't given any description). Or considered to appear in animal form. In the Ainu songs, the god(kamui) shifts between humanoid and theriomorphic depictions. The Ainu view overall, is animistic. Though this is simplification.

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@GraniRau: There are many kamui associated with all sorts of things. Village boundary guardians, the hearth, the hunt, knowledge of various crafts, in addition to the nature associations(which overlap). So the kamui of the hunt, is also associated with plants the Ainu used to make poison

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@GraniRau: The Ainu social structure was relatively simple. No kings or hereditary chiefs. No separate class of priests(religious rites relied a lot on elders). Small villages organized into households. No statues either. Materially simple, relied mostly on hunting.

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@GraniRau: Primitives with very simple social structure and no writing have a notion of gods and spirits. Almost inevitably associated with natural phenomena, social mores, and sometimes with organizing the cosmos(whatever their view is). It is hard to explain this with euhemerism.

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@GraniRau: You can see this in Greece too. The most ancient oracle, a sacred place of Zeus at Dodona, had no great statue of Zeus at its inception. What was on site was an ancient oak tree. The priests there slept on the ground near the oak, and gave oracles based on the wind.

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Let's leave that nonsense where it belongs. Fact is, graven images predate the entire Bible timeline(graven images in the Ice Age). But, more important to my argument, statues and idols themselves were innovations even in polytheist pagan religions. The Jewish critique is untrue. https://t.co/nUtazpHnor
: Take the Vedic religion as an example. Its earliest stage had no worship of idols(murti puja). The Vedic altars and fire rituals don't require it. Nor do we find statues and idols in India prior to the Hellenistic period, most much later. Their religion did not require idols.

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Our intrepid Jewish hero Daniel, reveals that the priests eat the offerings. The statue of Bel isn't reaching down to eat the food. This breaks the Persian king's poor little heart. He thought his god was literally sitting there and was that physical statue. So we are told. https://t.co/Z9nVJFE1o1
: Let's leave that nonsense where it belongs. Fact is, graven images predate the entire Bible timeline(graven images in the Ice Age). But, more important to my argument, statues and idols themselves were innovations even in polytheist pagan religions. The Jewish critique is untrue.

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@GraniRau: Our intrepid Jewish hero Daniel, reveals that the priests eat the offerings. The statue of Bel isn't reaching down to eat the food. This breaks the Persian king's poor little heart. He thought his god was literally sitting there and was that physical statue. So we are told.

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It is a projection of the Abrahamic mindset onto pagans. Jews DID have to enforce aniconism violently in the Hellenistic period. Why else does their book rail against stone pillars, hilltop shrines, and "idols"? There would be no Abrahamism at all without it having been enforced. https://t.co/OIXN3IfwFe
: This was adopted word for word by Muslims. They even adopted the Jewish story of Abraham smashing all his father's idols except a large one, then blaming the large one for the deed. When his father said that's impossible, Abraham comes back with "look at what you are saying"

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The Jewish text Wisdom of Solomon. Part of the Papist canon to this day. Much the same can be found in the Talmud and in Islamic literature. Note that part of the blame, is placed on rulers. Rulers FORCE people to worship images. This is wrong, often the reverse is true. https://t.co/mugE4iVXzZ
: It is a projection of the Abrahamic mindset onto pagans. Jews DID have to enforce aniconism violently in the Hellenistic period. Why else does their book rail against stone pillars, hilltop shrines, and "idols"? There would be no Abrahamism at all without it having been enforced.

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@GraniRau: The Jewish text Wisdom of Solomon. Part of the Papist canon to this day. Much the same can be found in the Talmud and in Islamic literature. Note that part of the blame, is placed on rulers. Rulers FORCE people to worship images. This is wrong, often the reverse is true.

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@GraniRau: To get this out of the way, Judaism around the first century developed a "theory" to explain all the idolatry they saw around them. It is summed up in extracanonical and supplementary literature. It greatly relates to the Christian adoption of Euhemerism, so I want to go over it.

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Instead of looking at the names and attributes of gods, euhemerism tries to shoehorn historicism into everything. Dios/Zeus literally implies the sky. They used to say in Greek "Zeus is raining" for a reason. Euhemerus, like others, stupidly put the cart before the horse. https://t.co/vAE8oSh390
: The cult of Zeus in Crete was a chthonic one (which explains the so called tomb). Probably of pre-Greek origin. It was said that Zeus was born in a sacred cave there. But in another story Zeus was born on a mountain in Arcadia. The cult is for the god, not the reverse.

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@GraniRau: Instead of looking at the names and attributes of gods, euhemerism tries to shoehorn historicism into everything. Dios/Zeus literally implies the sky. They used to say in Greek "Zeus is raining" for a reason. Euhemerus, like others, stupidly put the cart before the horse.

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@GraniRau: It may look like I am giving concessions to Euhemerism. I am not. Deified historical figures are usually very obvious, because part of their background as a cult figure is having been that historical person. Often very local and specific, too.

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@GraniRau: It doesn't mean at all that every god had been human once. But nothing in the pagan mindset precluded a god from having been human. There are plenty of gods, worshiped to this day, well known to have been historical people. Guan Yu being a very prominent example, and Confucius.

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To sum that up, to Fucan a god having been a human being isn't a big deal at all. The god may incarnate or manifest in whatever way it wants, or in Buddhist doctrine, whatever way is most conducive to helping sentient beings. He even points out that Jesus incarnating is the same. https://t.co/NU9atAP6Wp
: I would also say, that euhemerism cuts both ways. The Christians worship as a god, a man whom they claim was born and died. In early writings attacking pagans, Christians seem to conveniently forget that man-gods like Dionysus and Herakles overcame death and ascended to heaven.

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He also goes into the Buddhist Trikaya doctrine. The Buddha is manifest as Dharmadhatu(the ultimate principle), the Sambhogakaya(a godlike celestial form) and a Nirmanakaya(particular worldly incarnations, like the physical human being Gautama). https://t.co/7TjOJCD0Pm
: To sum that up, to Fucan a god having been a human being isn't a big deal at all. The god may incarnate or manifest in whatever way it wants, or in Buddhist doctrine, whatever way is most conducive to helping sentient beings. He even points out that Jesus incarnating is the same.

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Fucan goes over the doctrine of honji suijaku. That Shinto gods, are worldly manifestations of buddhas. Which in turn are manifestations of the Dharmakaya, the principle behind everything that cannot be described in worldly terms. https://t.co/N7PMs0sJGV
: He also goes into the Buddhist Trikaya doctrine. The Buddha is manifest as Dharmadhatu(the ultimate principle), the Sambhogakaya(a godlike celestial form) and a Nirmanakaya(particular worldly incarnations, like the physical human being Gautama).

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Or Izanagi and Izanami. A bit easier to historicize, if you want to ignore the fact that they are said to have created the land, given birth to islands and the Sun and Moon, and pre-existed the concept of death. To make them mundane, you have to ignore what was actually said. https://t.co/HlZbMTNDak
: Fucan goes over the doctrine of honji suijaku. That Shinto gods, are worldly manifestations of buddhas. Which in turn are manifestations of the Dharmakaya, the principle behind everything that cannot be described in worldly terms.

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@GraniRau: That applies to the other primordial deities that came after Kunitokotachi/Amenominakanushi. They literally pre-existed humanity, the concept of gender, and all but the most basic things. No way they could be human, or based on anyone either. These are my examples, not his.

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That applies to the other primordial deities that came after Kunitokotachi/Amenominakanushi. They literally pre-existed humanity, the concept of gender, and all but the most basic things. No way they could be human, or based on anyone either. These are my examples, not his. https://t.co/bTZiAEMM3T
: Or Izanagi and Izanami. A bit easier to historicize, if you want to ignore the fact that they are said to have created the land, given birth to islands and the Sun and Moon, and pre-existed the concept of death. To make them mundane, you have to ignore what was actually said.

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Fucan deflates the claim that the Christian god(he calls him Deus) created the world. He points out that in the Shinto cosmology, there is a triad of primordial kami that produced heaven and earth. Did the Christians think they alone had a doctrine of the world's origin? https://t.co/kUN5WbRKK8
: This is from Fucan's "Refutation of Deus" translated by Esther Hibbard. These are excerpts of his counter to Christian euhemerism. I will summarize a few, just to underline the points. The first absurdity euhemerism does, is attempt to make even primordial gods into humans.

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@GraniRau: Fucan deflates the claim that the Christian god(he calls him Deus) created the world. He points out that in the Shinto cosmology, there is a triad of primordial kami that produced heaven and earth. Did the Christians think they alone had a doctrine of the world's origin?

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@GraniRau: Also known as Fabian Fucan, he was a Japanese Christian at one point, who reconverted. And don't give me anything about persecution, he seems to have deconverted before the worst of that. And government mandate works fine for papists, so they ought to have no problem.

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Mot(Death), the foe of Baal in the Ugaritic myths gets his mention here. He was a son of El. He died, for some reason the idea of death was named after him(even though people died before him). El also gave Athena part of Greece, and sacrificed his only son(but he already had sons https://t.co/reEH33mv4D
: Astarte, daughter of El, founds Tyre when she follows a falling star there. She wears a bulls head as a sign of authority(Astarte was depicted as a cow at times, like Hathor). Again, This is reduced to one human family going around the world.

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In the few West Semitic texts we have, El is the supreme god who dwells in a tent, on a high mountain or up in the sky, at the source of all the waters. He is the father of all the gods, and called the most ancient one. Seems this imagery, was reduced to what I posted above. https://t.co/RkRzcZXe64
: Sydyc is the same as zadok or zedek. All meaning "just" or "righteous". An ancient god, associated with that concept. Here, reduced to a name. El becomes father of Baal(equated to Zeus) and Apollo.

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Sydyc is the same as zadok or zedek. All meaning "just" or "righteous". An ancient god, associated with that concept. Here, reduced to a name. El becomes father of Baal(equated to Zeus) and Apollo. https://t.co/NzqJRjQRFE
: Mot(Death), the foe of Baal in the Ugaritic myths gets his mention here. He was a son of El. He died, for some reason the idea of death was named after him(even though people died before him). El also gave Athena part of Greece, and sacrificed his only son(but he already had sons

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This is what the myth of Cronus separating Heaven and Earth is reduced to. El dismembering his father Heaven. This is likely based on a Semitic myth, though. The way Heaven is described as bleeding into all the fountains and waters, indicates rain and the rivers, to me. https://t.co/BiEFyzX0NJ
: In the few West Semitic texts we have, El is the supreme god who dwells in a tent, on a high mountain or up in the sky, at the source of all the waters. He is the father of all the gods, and called the most ancient one. Seems this imagery, was reduced to what I posted above.

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It also goes on to say that Pontus(the ocean) was contemporary with El. Later Pontus was consecrated, presumably for worship. So I guess that is why people named the sea that, and worshiped it. Never occurred to anyone before. El also gets around to giving Thoth Egypt to rule. https://t.co/vt7Jd85J5d
: This is what the myth of Cronus separating Heaven and Earth is reduced to. El dismembering his father Heaven. This is likely based on a Semitic myth, though. The way Heaven is described as bleeding into all the fountains and waters, indicates rain and the rivers, to me.

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Bethel refers to stone pillars worshiped as dwelling places of a god. This includes the Jews, Jacob in the story about his dream consecrates and worships one. And Hosea thought they were important as well. Odd that Heaven would contrive them, you'd think his son Bethel would have https://t.co/3C372kF51b
: It also goes on to say that Pontus(the ocean) was contemporary with El. Later Pontus was consecrated, presumably for worship. So I guess that is why people named the sea that, and worshiped it. Never occurred to anyone before. El also gets around to giving Thoth Egypt to rule.

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The Titanomachy/Gigantomachy is summed up in this account like this. El got suspicious of Atlas after overthrowing Heaven. So he had him thrown in a deep pit(instead of the underworld). El also founds the first city, Byblos. https://t.co/Iz2NPVrP2l
: Bethel refers to stone pillars worshiped as dwelling places of a god. This includes the Jews, Jacob in the story about his dream consecrates and worships one. And Hosea thought they were important as well. Odd that Heaven would contrive them, you'd think his son Bethel would have

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Continuing on. Heaven and Earth have children. El(god, equated to Cronus), Bethel(house of god, a cult object), Atlas(the Titan), and Dagon(identified with a type of wheat). El overthrows Heaven, and becomes ruler himself. His soldiers are called elohim(gods), which is quite odd. https://t.co/VQuO9E5AnX
: The Titanomachy/Gigantomachy is summed up in this account like this. El got suspicious of Atlas after overthrowing Heaven. So he had him thrown in a deep pit(instead of the underworld). El also founds the first city, Byblos.

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@GraniRau: Continuing on. Heaven and Earth have children. El(god, equated to Cronus), Bethel(house of god, a cult object), Atlas(the Titan), and Dagon(identified with a type of wheat). El overthrows Heaven, and becomes ruler himself. His soldiers are called elohim(gods), which is quite odd.

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@GraniRau: There was a human patriarch called Elyon(again, most high god) that happened to be married to the land goddess of the Beirut area. And gave birth to children called Heaven and Earth. This makes no sense as history, in any way. Because it is mythical narrative.

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But, I will note, the Euhemeristic methodology was literalist itself. When it suited them, they would take the myth at face value only, just stripped of mythic grandeur and any deeper meaning. Here is the quote passed on by Eusebius, spelling this out. A very bizarre literalism https://t.co/JvEPEWWylj
: I will give examples from Sanchuniathon . Elioun(GOD MOST HIGH) had children named Heaven and Earth. They were really pretty and stuff, so the ground and sky were named after them. Elioun(Hypsistos, most high) was killed by animals and Heaven(Ouranos) succeeded him.

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@GraniRau: But, I will note, the Euhemeristic methodology was literalist itself. When it suited them, they would take the myth at face value only, just stripped of mythic grandeur and any deeper meaning. Here is the quote passed on by Eusebius, spelling this out. A very bizarre literalism

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@GraniRau: But wait, wasn't Dionysus in several places in Greece? And didn't he visit a bunch of places? And wasn't Cronus in Italy after Zeus overthrew him(this is because of the identification with the Latin Saturn)? Is Italy supposed to be Tartarus? And Belus(Marduk) ruled Assyria.

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@GraniRau: The Greeks tended to interpret these foreign gods as their own. And the Egyptians especially could claim greater antiquity. Egyptians and Phoenicians are in Greek mythology anyway. So the Greeks tended to match up all these gods and try to reconcile the stories.

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@GraniRau: Euhemerism explains mythology as historical events, with historical people. The gods were people who lived a long time ago that were deified by later people, or in their lifetimes. That is the general rule. They were inventors, conquerors, priests, rulers, remembered afterwards.

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It is not to Porphyry's credit if he took this account for truth, in my opinion. I doubt the endorsement of Porphyry. He is made to say that Philo's Phoenician history originated from a Yahweh priest. The Jews didn't even exist as an entity in the Phoenician bronze age. https://t.co/TGwYELBkjQ
: Furthermore, Philo's account makes no mention of a god "Ieou"(Yahweh rendered in Greek) at all. No mention of Jews, or Jerusalem. It is all about cities up in Phoenicia. Or maybe there was one, and Yahweh said to be a human a king in Judea or something. Best not to quote that bit

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There is a reason Eusebius would emphasize that Sanchuniathon was supposed to have lived before the Trojan War. Jews and Christians had a huge inferiority complex towards the Greeks and Egyptians, and really wanted to prove that the Torah and Moses were older than them. https://t.co/xV2lrrcilQ
: Eusebius quotes Porphyry(who wrote against Christians) as endorsing Sanchuniathon. It may be true that Porphyry of all people believed in this. However, I doubt it was in any way that would have helped the Christians. Makes me wonder what Philo of Byblos did write about the Jews.

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Eusebius quotes Porphyry(who wrote against Christians) as endorsing Sanchuniathon. It may be true that Porphyry of all people believed in this. However, I doubt it was in any way that would have helped the Christians. Makes me wonder what Philo of Byblos did write about the Jews. https://t.co/WH35iOHNvh
: It is not to Porphyry's credit if he took this account for truth, in my opinion. I doubt the endorsement of Porphyry. He is made to say that Philo's Phoenician history originated from a Yahweh priest. The Jews didn't even exist as an entity in the Phoenician bronze age.

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Philo of Byblos used a literary device of translating the writings of an ancient priest. From the fragments, I think there was a religious motive. He wanted to rationalize mythology and religion. Philo considered myths to be historical allegories, and had some reverence for Thoth https://t.co/WhyKI9jiTV
: There is a reason Eusebius would emphasize that Sanchuniathon was supposed to have lived before the Trojan War. Jews and Christians had a huge inferiority complex towards the Greeks and Egyptians, and really wanted to prove that the Torah and Moses were older than them.

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For example, the excerpts mention that Kronos/Il gave Attica to his daughter Athena. It also mentions the Samothracian Kabeiroi. And it even manages to disparage Hesiod and Greek poets(who would have lived long after). All this shows that this was not from before the Trojan War. https://t.co/J7O0wL6XH7
: Philo of Byblos used a literary device of translating the writings of an ancient priest. From the fragments, I think there was a religious motive. He wanted to rationalize mythology and religion. Philo considered myths to be historical allegories, and had some reverence for Thoth

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There is constant reference back to Greek gods and Greek mythology. And Egyptian too, especially Thoth. The whole thing is like a jumble of Greek cosmological philosophy, historicized mythology, with some Semitic god names mixed in with Greek ones. https://t.co/3J4zMzmOar
: For example, the excerpts mention that Kronos/Il gave Attica to his daughter Athena. It also mentions the Samothracian Kabeiroi. And it even manages to disparage Hesiod and Greek poets(who would have lived long after). All this shows that this was not from before the Trojan War.

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@GraniRau: There is constant reference back to Greek gods and Greek mythology. And Egyptian too, especially Thoth. The whole thing is like a jumble of Greek cosmological philosophy, historicized mythology, with some Semitic god names mixed in with Greek ones.

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@GraniRau: It gives a cosmogony, and the origins and history of humanity. Most gods in it, are said to have been ancient people that had stuff named after them. So "Sea" gave his name to the sea. Death, gave his name to death when people named dying after him(for no apparent reason).

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@GraniRau: Sanchuniathon is another important source, and it manages to be far more dubious than what I already related. Again, the only references are by a Christians(Eusebius). This has several issues that will need to be expounded upon. The first being that Eusebius is our source.

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@GraniRau: As it stands, it doesn't seem there was some big secret revealed by this Leo. He was just another Hellenistic writer trying to make mythology into history and reconcile different stories. If he was the person they claim, only Christians mention him in connection with Alexander.

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@GraniRau: By the way, I have a letter from Pope Gregory to his uncle confirming that Jesus was dead all along and his body was moved to be beneath the Vatican. I found it while I was cleaning. And you all know that Pope Leo X said that Christ was a profitable fable for the Popish Church.

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@GraniRau: But at least we have more consistent information on Euhemerus. The other major sources(also known mainly or solely through Christians) are dubious not only in their content, but in their authors and origins as well.

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@GraniRau: Two of those Christian writers, Lactantius and Eusebius, are well known distorters and even outright made things up. They used Euhemerus like they used other non-Christian writers. What reason Euhemerus wrote, we don't know, but pagans accused him of atheism for good reason.

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Against Euhemerism. Euhemerism is a school of thought with regard to gods and mythology that arose in antiquity. It cannot be forgotten that early Christians used it to attack pagans. And it has been used ever since, to some degree. But the man who came up it was himself a pagan

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@__ILLUMINATED Read the Epistle to the Romans, chapter 9, to see exactly what I was responding to there.

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From an Alamanni burial site in Baden-Württemberg. 6th century. This person was buried with a chair. Also with sword, shield, hair comb, and wooden flask, plate, and bowl. A warrior with some status, but probably not wealthy. https://t.co/S5zXA9blzX
:

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From an Alamanni burial site in Baden-Württemberg. 6th century. This person was buried with a chair. Also with sword, shield, hair comb, and wooden flask, plate, and bowl. A warrior with some status, but probably not wealthy.

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From an Alamanni burial site in Baden-Württemberg. 6th century. A metal flask.

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The Young Sorceress, painting by Antoine Wiertz, 19th century. Also known as Esoteric/Witch Twitter veterans inducting a newbie. This is what literally happens, as far as I am told.

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Finding from an Alamanni burial site in Baden-Württemberg. 6th century. The worn down white pieces are ivory.

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Some more to make a point. I think it can be said without a doubt that the Gotland image stone is also meant to depict the Sun. Many of the Gotland image stones have solar imagery. https://t.co/3Qp6X4Vl6B
: This one, for example, also from Gotland. The ancient Sun cult(one of the most important worldwide) and symbols associated with it crop up all over the world.

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The Cyclades refer to all those islands between Greece and Anatolia. The material culture of that region was somewhat unique, though their artifacts turn up in Greece and Crete(Minoan and Mycenaean period). These flat discs mostly seem to have depictions of the Sun. https://t.co/C5A7Tx9DM7
: Some more to make a point. I think it can be said without a doubt that the Gotland image stone is also meant to depict the Sun. Many of the Gotland image stones have solar imagery.

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On the left is a Cycladic artifact from Greece, 4500-5000 years old. On the right is a picture stone from Gotland, Sweden,1400-1200 years old. What struck me immediately is the same pattern, so I dug up that image stone picture. https://t.co/C8pHAl6DSt
: The Cyclades refer to all those islands between Greece and Anatolia. The material culture of that region was somewhat unique, though their artifacts turn up in Greece and Crete(Minoan and Mycenaean period). These flat discs mostly seem to have depictions of the Sun.

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On the left is a Cycladic artifact from Greece, 4500-5000 years old. On the right is a picture stone from Gotland, Sweden,1400-1200 years old. What struck me immediately is the same pattern, so I dug up that image stone picture.

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Hades taking Persephone to the underworld. Painting by Ulpiano Checa.

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500-400 BCE bronze statuette of Pan. He is holding his usual pipes.

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To complicate things further, Hades was considered the "other side of the coin" of the god Dionysus by some Greeks(maybe a Thracian idea). In the Orphic religion, Zeus, Hades, and Dionysus were considered three aspects of one god. The whole topic is complicated and needs a thread https://t.co/13fx0zWmOz
: As I pointed out at the start, by the Roman Empire Hades/Pluto was syncretized with Dionysus and Osiris fairly commonly. Here is the Mesopotamian god Nergal(plague, war, death, and underworld, the planet Mars) syncretized with Hades.

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It isn't all negative, though. If you go back up to the Pindar quote, those who keep their oaths are rewarded. And living three lives(speaking of reincarnation) without blame will be admitted to the Isles of the Blessed. Or Elysium to the Romans, the nice part of Pluto's realm. https://t.co/CpiAtyYm4L
: To complicate things further, Hades was considered the "other side of the coin" of the god Dionysus by some Greeks(maybe a Thracian idea). In the Orphic religion, Zeus, Hades, and Dionysus were considered three aspects of one god. The whole topic is complicated and needs a thread

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And the punishment of Orcus/Horkos need not fall on the offender alone. It could fall on his family, his descendants. In the extreme, it would lead to the end of his lineage entirely. https://t.co/NpHuPzFkor
: It isn't all negative, though. If you go back up to the Pindar quote, those who keep their oaths are rewarded. And living three lives(speaking of reincarnation) without blame will be admitted to the Isles of the Blessed. Or Elysium to the Romans, the nice part of Pluto's realm.

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Relevant quotes from Homer, Hesiod, and a story from Herodotus. The idea that oathbreakers would be punished in the underworld was known by Homer. Part of the association of Hades with judgement and punishment. Lines up with Pindar too. But punishment could also be in this life. https://t.co/2JPBP7pGS3
: And the punishment of Orcus/Horkos need not fall on the offender alone. It could fall on his family, his descendants. In the extreme, it would lead to the end of his lineage entirely.

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Speaking of curses, Orcus(meaning "oath", Greek Horkos) was another name used for Pluto/Dis Pater among Latins. If they were ever separate is hard to tell. Orcus is the power that curses those who swear an oath and break it, who swear falsely. An agent of divine punishment. https://t.co/xDI3hhiOs8
: Relevant quotes from Homer, Hesiod, and a story from Herodotus. The idea that oathbreakers would be punished in the underworld was known by Homer. Part of the association of Hades with judgement and punishment. Lines up with Pindar too. But punishment could also be in this life.

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Other objects were buried for chthonic gods. Curse tablets. They were written and buried as a request for underworld gods(even Hades), to punish someone who offended the writer. This tablet names Dis Pater, Pluto is not used probably because it is the god's auspicious aspect. https://t.co/iDP633XBjk
: Speaking of curses, Orcus(meaning "oath", Greek Horkos) was another name used for Pluto/Dis Pater among Latins. If they were ever separate is hard to tell. Orcus is the power that curses those who swear an oath and break it, who swear falsely. An agent of divine punishment.

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Another quote from Pindar, referring to when Herakles fought Hades. I use it to point out Hade's items, his staff and helm. The staff takes people's bodies to the underworld. The helm makes the wearer invisible. Maybe alluding to decay of corpses and Hades' rule over the unseen. https://t.co/GLffQ5HICq
: Other objects were buried for chthonic gods. Curse tablets. They were written and buried as a request for underworld gods(even Hades), to punish someone who offended the writer. This tablet names Dis Pater, Pluto is not used probably because it is the god's auspicious aspect.

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The most famous myth of Hades is his abduction of the goddess of spring vegetation, Kore(maiden). Also called Persephone. Her staying with Hades for part of the year, is what causes winter. There was more to this myth in the mysteries, however. https://t.co/zIDGQ1wQSD
: Another quote from Pindar, referring to when Herakles fought Hades. I use it to point out Hade's items, his staff and helm. The staff takes people's bodies to the underworld. The helm makes the wearer invisible. Maybe alluding to decay of corpses and Hades' rule over the unseen.

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Because of the association with wealth and good crops, when depicted, Pluto/Hades usually has a large cornucopia(horn of plenty), representing this aspect of his power. Black animals, beans, pigs, tubers, and things that grow under the soil, were linked to the underworld https://t.co/h9fvIXBGUa
: The most famous myth of Hades is his abduction of the goddess of spring vegetation, Kore(maiden). Also called Persephone. Her staying with Hades for part of the year, is what causes winter. There was more to this myth in the mysteries, however.

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This sort of offering was usually made in hope of good crops. The offerings placed in the ground would yield a return in a plentiful harvest. Hence the association with wealth. The very name Pluto(Zeus Plousios also) means "wealthy". This is why Dis Pater/Hades was called that. https://t.co/33TQ3wb0Ix
: Because of the association with wealth and good crops, when depicted, Pluto/Hades usually has a large cornucopia(horn of plenty), representing this aspect of his power. Black animals, beans, pigs, tubers, and things that grow under the soil, were linked to the underworld

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All of these Zeuses received offerings like an underworld deity. Black animals, offerings made in a pit, and nothing of the offerings could be eaten. This was the rule when offering to underworld gods and the dead. To share a meal with them was to invite the power of death to you https://t.co/7bi6CPz0Gd
: This sort of offering was usually made in hope of good crops. The offerings placed in the ground would yield a return in a plentiful harvest. Hence the association with wealth. The very name Pluto(Zeus Plousios also) means "wealthy". This is why Dis Pater/Hades was called that.

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The several underworld Zeus cults, were likely alternate names for Hades. Like Zeus Chthonios(of the ground), Zeus Katachthonios(underground) or Zeus Meilichios(honeyed). Below is an example of Zeus Meilichios, who is an underworld god depicted as a serpent. https://t.co/1yJIxNyygD
: All of these Zeuses received offerings like an underworld deity. Black animals, offerings made in a pit, and nothing of the offerings could be eaten. This was the rule when offering to underworld gods and the dead. To share a meal with them was to invite the power of death to you

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Pindar alludes to Hades in this. There is a judge below the earth. As far back as Homer, Hades was called Zeus of the Underworld, or Zeus of the Earth. The Romans also considered Pluto as the nether Jupiter, with Proserpina being the counterpart of Juno in the underworld. https://t.co/8GOBdo8yBG
: The several underworld Zeus cults, were likely alternate names for Hades. Like Zeus Chthonios(of the ground), Zeus Katachthonios(underground) or Zeus Meilichios(honeyed). Below is an example of Zeus Meilichios, who is an underworld god depicted as a serpent.

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The statue itself was from a temple in Heraklion, Crete. The syncretized religions of Isis and Serapis became popular all over the empire. Below is the other statue in the pair, Persephone/Isis. Classical depictions of Hades in statuary were not common, or haven't survived much. https://t.co/ROT4cdtaXB
: Pindar alludes to Hades in this. There is a judge below the earth. As far back as Homer, Hades was called Zeus of the Underworld, or Zeus of the Earth. The Romans also considered Pluto as the nether Jupiter, with Proserpina being the counterpart of Juno in the underworld.

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The statue below is Roman period, from Egypt. A syncretized Pluto-Serapis. The Serapis religion was a Greek version of the Egyptian Osiris cult. As lord of the dead, Osiris was syncretized with Hades. As agricultural god and resurrected savior, he was identified with Dionysus. https://t.co/gzoQMvqUCV
: The statue itself was from a temple in Heraklion, Crete. The syncretized religions of Isis and Serapis became popular all over the empire. Below is the other statue in the pair, Persephone/Isis. Classical depictions of Hades in statuary were not common, or haven't survived much.

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@GraniRau: The statue below is Roman period, from Egypt. A syncretized Pluto-Serapis. The Serapis religion was a Greek version of the Egyptian Osiris cult. As lord of the dead, Osiris was syncretized with Hades. As agricultural god and resurrected savior, he was identified with Dionysus.

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Medieval illustration for the Aeneid. Helenus and Aeneas sacrificing oxen to Aphrodite.

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Same manuscript as before, "The History of Troy". Here is an illustration of the Judgement of Paris.

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Late medieval illustration of a story from the Trojan war cycle. Here, Paris is shown abducting Helen, which sets up the conflict. Shown taking her out of a temple of Venus.

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The image we have of Baphomet comes from 1856. From a French Christian kabbalist. He wrote, and came up with that image, 16 years AFTER the statue of Washington there was made. The statue is patterned after depictions of Jupiter. Neoclassicism, not hard to explain.
Esoteric Exposal @EsotericExposal

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18th century painting. The goddess Latona with her children Apollo and Diana. Did threads on them recently. Just enjoy the painting.

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The bard god Väinämöinen goes to the land of the dead(Tuonela) in the Kalevala. He gets the ferrywoman to take him across the water, and avoids consuming the food there. He went looking for magical songs, but fails and has to escape by turning into a snake. https://t.co/xKqGcV2LaX
: Lemminkäinen is another example. He died going to Tuonela. His mother fishes up pieces of his body from the river there, puts him back together. She prays, and a bee goes up to heaven to the sky god Ukko, to bring honey that will resurrect Lemminkäinen.

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@GraniRau: The bard god Väinämöinen goes to the land of the dead(Tuonela) in the Kalevala. He gets the ferrywoman to take him across the water, and avoids consuming the food there. He went looking for magical songs, but fails and has to escape by turning into a snake.

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There is also a poem where Svipdagr calls his mother Groa(who once helped Thor) from her burial mound. He needs her guidance on his quest for the maiden Mengloth, and she teaches him galdr in order to pass the trials. I want to do a whole thread on this. https://t.co/h28X9xp1iO
: Among the Goths, there were female spiritualists/magicians called Hallirunnae by the writer of Getica Jordanes. Their name might indicate Hel, meaning they were connected to the cult of the dead or to necromancy. TSupposedly they were forced out by a king even before Christianity

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In the story of Hervor, she goes to her father and uncles' burial site, to get the cursed sword Tyrfing that had been buried with them. There is a part where she calls them to wake up and heed her. She ends up getting the sword, but her father gives her a prophesy of ruin. https://t.co/uOXkStQjrU
: Hel's gate is lifted. The burial mound itself was considered an entrance to Hel. Hervor also notes that there is little left of their bodies but mold and dust. She is talking to ghosts here. The words she uses to call them also threaten them, so she wasn't being respectful here.

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Hel's gate is lifted. The burial mound itself was considered an entrance to Hel. Hervor also notes that there is little left of their bodies but mold and dust. She is talking to ghosts here. The words she uses to call them also threaten them, so she wasn't being respectful here. https://t.co/JxP7xHuO9O
: There is also a poem where Svipdagr calls his mother Groa(who once helped Thor) from her burial mound. He needs her guidance on his quest for the maiden Mengloth, and she teaches him galdr in order to pass the trials. I want to do a whole thread on this.

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Odin provides several archetypal examples of necromancy. He visits a volva in the underworld, making her speak to him with magic. Havamal has him describe how he can have the dead talk to him, and speak with a hanged man. https://t.co/JDYb8bSc0O
: In the story of Hervor, she goes to her father and uncles' burial site, to get the cursed sword Tyrfing that had been buried with them. There is a part where she calls them to wake up and heed her. She ends up getting the sword, but her father gives her a prophesy of ruin.

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If we look at Scandinavia, we find practices like what I have listed. Done at burial mounds, like at tombs and graves of the Mediterranean. Mounds were considered "doors of the dead" and may have been constructed like models of Hel itself. Evidence of doorposts and moats exists. https://t.co/InUDzAIF5F
: Odin provides several archetypal examples of necromancy. He visits a volva in the underworld, making her speak to him with magic. Havamal has him describe how he can have the dead talk to him, and speak with a hanged man.

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Jason, Medea, Herakles, Asclepius, all have stories where they raised the dead(recovered a soul from Hades). Herakles not only does that, he descends into the underworld and comes back. Below is a picture of Jason being resurrected. https://t.co/aRePEk2sZ4
: If we look at Scandinavia, we find practices like what I have listed. Done at burial mounds, like at tombs and graves of the Mediterranean. Mounds were considered "doors of the dead" and may have been constructed like models of Hel itself. Evidence of doorposts and moats exists.

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The Sibyl is not merely passive in this. She guides Aeneas down through the underworld, gets him past the gate and Cerberus, and takes him to where he can find his father. If you read this part of the Aeneid, you will understand where Dante got his material. https://t.co/cAOb1VGiur
: The location of this story was Avernus. A site of an ancient temple in Italy, and connected to the underworld. There was a cave sanctuary of the Sibyl near a large volcanic crater and lake. So this was similar to other underworld shrines.

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The location of this story was Avernus. A site of an ancient temple in Italy, and connected to the underworld. There was a cave sanctuary of the Sibyl near a large volcanic crater and lake. So this was similar to other underworld shrines. https://t.co/xbDeFJ9Bg6
: Jason, Medea, Herakles, Asclepius, all have stories where they raised the dead(recovered a soul from Hades). Herakles not only does that, he descends into the underworld and comes back. Below is a picture of Jason being resurrected.

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Aeneas doesn't do this unadvised. He asks the Sibyl of Cumae for help. She tells him what he must do. To pass into the underworld from there, he must take a golden branch from a particular tree. And he must complete a purification(bury a dead man) and make offerings before going. https://t.co/otYCrC5k30
: The Sibyl is not merely passive in this. She guides Aeneas down through the underworld, gets him past the gate and Cerberus, and takes him to where he can find his father. If you read this part of the Aeneid, you will understand where Dante got his material.

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Another famous example of a visit to the underworld is that of Orpheus, who went to recover the soul of his wife. His music allows him to pass all the obstacles, but he looks back too soon. Music was key to prophesying. It was likely used in ceremonies to call the dead, too. https://t.co/7vkCBAMDlL
: Aeneas in Virgil actually visits the underworld itself. Witnessing the entrance, judgment of the shades, those waiting near Styx, torments of those in Tartarus, and those in blessed Elysium, where he meets his father Anchises.

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Aeneas in Virgil actually visits the underworld itself. Witnessing the entrance, judgment of the shades, those waiting near Styx, torments of those in Tartarus, and those in blessed Elysium, where he meets his father Anchises. https://t.co/lKwTpQj6X7
: Aeneas doesn't do this unadvised. He asks the Sibyl of Cumae for help. She tells him what he must do. To pass into the underworld from there, he must take a golden branch from a particular tree. And he must complete a purification(bury a dead man) and make offerings before going.

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The Odyssey has a scene where Odysseus goes to the gates of Hades to consult the dead. This involves sacrificing a black ram, letting its blood out in a trench, and summoning the shades. The ghosts that drink the blood are able to speak to Odysseus. This is a type of sacrifice. https://t.co/1bMCy68SoE
: Another famous example of a visit to the underworld is that of Orpheus, who went to recover the soul of his wife. His music allows him to pass all the obstacles, but he looks back too soon. Music was key to prophesying. It was likely used in ceremonies to call the dead, too.

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@GraniRau: The Odyssey has a scene where Odysseus goes to the gates of Hades to consult the dead. This involves sacrificing a black ram, letting its blood out in a trench, and summoning the shades. The ghosts that drink the blood are able to speak to Odysseus. This is a type of sacrifice.

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This involved a purification period where people ate foods like beans and pork(considered underworld connected, especially beans) and made offerings. Some drug may have been consumed. Then they'd take a torchlit trip inside the underground temple, and witness a performance. https://t.co/DGvaYPJ7qw
: Another famous underworld oracle was that of Trophonius. Like with the Nekromanteion, the visitor spent days in purification and ate foods linked to the underworld. They went down to consult the hero Trophonius in a cave. It included a kind of model underworld. It was frightening

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Shrines and oracles of the dead existed in Greece and Italy. A very famous one was called the Nekromanteion of Ephyra. A temple built as a model of the underworld, that functioned as an oracle of the dead. People went there to get in contact with the shades of the departed. https://t.co/eZ2PsqScT6
: This involved a purification period where people ate foods like beans and pork(considered underworld connected, especially beans) and made offerings. Some drug may have been consumed. Then they'd take a torchlit trip inside the underground temple, and witness a performance.

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The dead may also take an interest in the living. The ancestor spirits are called on to bless their descendants, help the crops, and ensure social order. Disrespect of the dead, or infringing upon the old customs, may draw their wrath. https://t.co/LVmYK0Zx0h
: Shrines and oracles of the dead existed in Greece and Italy. A very famous one was called the Nekromanteion of Ephyra. A temple built as a model of the underworld, that functioned as an oracle of the dead. People went there to get in contact with the shades of the departed.

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@GraniRau: The dead may also take an interest in the living. The ancestor spirits are called on to bless their descendants, help the crops, and ensure social order. Disrespect of the dead, or infringing upon the old customs, may draw their wrath.

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The topic of this thread is going to be necromancy, particularly as part of religion. It was once a part of religion(ground level and up) in some form or other. Remained as a magical practice even after it was sidelined or even banned. https://t.co/cX1lMxzO8k
: Necromancy comes from Greek. Nekro(dead) and manteia(prophecy). It literally means a way to prophecy via the dead, in the form of oracles, some form of divination, séance, or even a direct visit to where the spirits of the dead may be found, to talk to them.

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The topic of this thread is going to be necromancy, particularly as part of religion. It was once a part of religion(ground level and up) in some form or other. Remained as a magical practice even after it was sidelined or even banned.

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4th century BCE artifact depicting Zeus fighting one of the Gigantes(monstrous enemies of the gods). You can tell what he is because of his serpentine legs, a common way the Gigantes(Giants) are depicted. Most were children of Gaia, but not all of them(some were from Poseidon) https://t.co/xnzoewh5YY
: An example of a Gigante, Etruscan bronze.

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4th century BCE artifact depicting Zeus fighting one of the Gigantes(monstrous enemies of the gods). You can tell what he is because of his serpentine legs, a common way the Gigantes(Giants) are depicted. Most were children of Gaia, but not all of them(some were from Poseidon)

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Archaic period bronze statuette of Zeus. Note the hair, similar to other Archaic images. He seems to have a club and a dart. The old thunder hammer.

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Etruscan sarcophagus depicting a couple. 6th century BCE.

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Apollo's solar association is said to be a post-Hellenistic idea. However, his epithet Phoebus(bright one) is there from archaic times. A title often given to the Sun. Phoebe(feminine form of the same) was a name for the Moon. Separate cults and titles can be for the same god https://t.co/HYdATF6XV2
: It could also be however, that Apollo was associated with the rays of light from the Sun, in this aspect. Not the actual Sun itself. The ancients made these fine distinctions often. But later, he was associated with everything Helios/Sol was, including the seasons and time.

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The archaic Greeks connected song, music, healing, and prophecy. They all involved each other. Apollo's association with music and his association with prophecy was a natural one, as the those ideas were connected in the ancient mind. Apollo as god of oracles was very famous. https://t.co/XXxh46WLVT
: In turn, Apollo would be associated with the Muses, even considered their leader. Linking him to many arts beyond(but often including) music and song. Theater, poetry, history, literature. Keep in mind, many gods had overlapping powers and spheres; Dionysus shared these areas

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In turn, Apollo would be associated with the Muses, even considered their leader. Linking him to many arts beyond(but often including) music and song. Theater, poetry, history, literature. Keep in mind, many gods had overlapping powers and spheres; Dionysus shared these areas https://t.co/sUZbOcicuG
: Apollo's solar association is said to be a post-Hellenistic idea. However, his epithet Phoebus(bright one) is there from archaic times. A title often given to the Sun. Phoebe(feminine form of the same) was a name for the Moon. Separate cults and titles can be for the same god

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Ancient thought connected the cause of an ill with its cure. Apollo isn't just a bringer of plague, he is also a healer, a teacher of healing songs, father of medicine. Literally the father of the healing god Asclepius. The same god who can afflict death can also save. https://t.co/kOk7CoXwCj
: The archaic Greeks connected song, music, healing, and prophecy. They all involved each other. Apollo's association with music and his association with prophecy was a natural one, as the those ideas were connected in the ancient mind. Apollo as god of oracles was very famous.

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As an ally, such a terrible god would be a great protector. All the powers of illness, misfortune, curses and magic, physical threats to life and property, could be the target for his arrows. So Apollo was invoked to protect homes, flocks(Apollo wolf-slayer), and people. https://t.co/B5Q5cgvjd5
: Ancient thought connected the cause of an ill with its cure. Apollo isn't just a bringer of plague, he is also a healer, a teacher of healing songs, father of medicine. Literally the father of the healing god Asclepius. The same god who can afflict death can also save.

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Note that Leto unstrings Apollo's bow, takes it away, and hangs it up. Unstringing the bow, or putting away the weapon, is a common sort of request made to dangerous, wrathful type gods in prayers. Apollo isn't shooting anyone that day, in other words. Exchange bow with the lyre. https://t.co/tgdokiRVcm
: As an ally, such a terrible god would be a great protector. All the powers of illness, misfortune, curses and magic, physical threats to life and property, could be the target for his arrows. So Apollo was invoked to protect homes, flocks(Apollo wolf-slayer), and people.

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The opinion of Heraclitus was held by many in antiquity. Apollo as a fierce god, wielding plague and sudden death, appears early on. In Homer, Apollo's ability to bring sudden death and disease is referenced many times. He is a fearsome, terrifying god in this form. https://t.co/XvKt294RQ2
: Note that Leto unstrings Apollo's bow, takes it away, and hangs it up. Unstringing the bow, or putting away the weapon, is a common sort of request made to dangerous, wrathful type gods in prayers. Apollo isn't shooting anyone that day, in other words. Exchange bow with the lyre.

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Apollo is associated with a wide range of concepts. Oracles and prophecy, healing, disease, music, other arts(via the Muses), the Sun, apotropaic rites, sudden death, archery, protection of ships, law/order, even time(via his solar association). A very wide range. https://t.co/R04LMnqSf5
: Heraclitus the Homeric commentator opined that "Apollo" referred to the healing and destructive powers of the Sun, Apollo is an aspect of Sol/Helios like Artemis/Diana is with the Moon. Heraclitus tried to link Apollo smiting the Achaean army with the Sun's heat spreading plague

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Heraclitus the Homeric commentator opined that "Apollo" referred to the healing and destructive powers of the Sun, Apollo is an aspect of Sol/Helios like Artemis/Diana is with the Moon. Heraclitus tried to link Apollo smiting the Achaean army with the Sun's heat spreading plague https://t.co/4LcHjB6v74
: The opinion of Heraclitus was held by many in antiquity. Apollo as a fierce god, wielding plague and sudden death, appears early on. In Homer, Apollo's ability to bring sudden death and disease is referenced many times. He is a fearsome, terrifying god in this form.

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Divine multivalency, part two. I want to focus on the god Apollo. The twin brother of Artemis/Diana. He is another great example of this concept. Part 1 is here:
I want to address a topic I think of as "divine multivalency". A fancy term for the way a god can have many attributes, forms, associations, and even positions within a theogony/pantheon. Many of these attributes are connected in a sort of conceptual web.

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Divine multivalency, part two. I want to focus on the god Apollo. The twin brother of Artemis/Diana. He is another great example of this concept. Part 1 is here: https://t.co/iu3dmYg5Ru https://t.co/BymVbqAGSK
: Apollo is associated with a wide range of concepts. Oracles and prophecy, healing, disease, music, other arts(via the Muses), the Sun, apotropaic rites, sudden death, archery, protection of ships, law/order, even time(via his solar association). A very wide range.

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Here is a Roman coin(Republic period) depicting the triple Diana worshiped near Lake Nemi. You can see the attributes two are holding. This goddess was invoked with the three aspects I mentioned above, virgin huntress, lunar goddess, underworld goddess. https://t.co/tJk9bfkAnZ
: Hekate, Diana, and Artemis also had roles as domestic goddesses. They were associated with mothers and childbirth. Had cults as protectors of hearth and home. This was the ground level of worship, the worship of the household gods, spirits, and ancestors.

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Artemis/Diana was associated with Hekate. The virgin goddess of the hunt, Luna, and the underworld/magic goddess Hekate were considered in this scheme to be a single goddess with three aspects. This concept was archaic for Diana and Hekate, here is an example of Hekate https://t.co/7Xvyi3AAi7
: Here is a Roman coin(Republic period) depicting the triple Diana worshiped near Lake Nemi. You can see the attributes two are holding. This goddess was invoked with the three aspects I mentioned above, virgin huntress, lunar goddess, underworld goddess.

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Near Lake Nemi, there was an archaic cult of Diana Nemorensis(of the grove). Here she was explicitly worshiped as a threefold goddess. Called Trivia at times. Naturally, she got associated with the Greek triple goddess Hekate. The maiden-mother-crone of neopaganism is similar. https://t.co/lW0LNjYuTA
: Artemis/Diana was associated with Hekate. The virgin goddess of the hunt, Luna, and the underworld/magic goddess Hekate were considered in this scheme to be a single goddess with three aspects. This concept was archaic for Diana and Hekate, here is an example of Hekate

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Here is a Roman statue of Diana, who they interpreted as Artemis. Like Artemis later one, Diana was also associated with the Moon. With the crescent on her head, and lack of hunting attributes, here she is primarily depicted as a lunar goddess(Luna, Diana Lucifera, Selene, Phoebe https://t.co/lEvP4rHxD3
: Near Lake Nemi, there was an archaic cult of Diana Nemorensis(of the grove). Here she was explicitly worshiped as a threefold goddess. Called Trivia at times. Naturally, she got associated with the Greek triple goddess Hekate. The maiden-mother-crone of neopaganism is similar.

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Here is an image of the Ephesian Artemis. Quite different from the above image. This Artemis cult was focused on her as a mother goddess of all creatures, served by priestesses called "bees". This goddess was associated with Artemis, but the cult was an eastern one(like Cybele) https://t.co/wwl7UZfqSV
: Here is a Roman statue of Diana, who they interpreted as Artemis. Like Artemis later one, Diana was also associated with the Moon. With the crescent on her head, and lack of hunting attributes, here she is primarily depicted as a lunar goddess(Luna, Diana Lucifera, Selene, Phoebe

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In this form, she is not just a goddess of the hunt, but of the wilderness in general. And not just a huntress, but also a protector of animals and certain hunting protocols. Rules like "don't kill nesting birds" or "don't kill a mother animal" were the purview of Artemis as well https://t.co/qQwnlBLsWI
: Here is an image of the Ephesian Artemis. Quite different from the above image. This Artemis cult was focused on her as a mother goddess of all creatures, served by priestesses called "bees". This goddess was associated with Artemis, but the cult was an eastern one(like Cybele)

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Take this image of Artemis(the Diana of Versailles). This is pretty much her Classical image. A huntress with her arrows, hair bound up with a band, and a stag. This is Artemis as the virgin goddess of the hunt and wilderness, roaming with her band of nymphs. https://t.co/gnDCxBi6pW
: In this form, she is not just a goddess of the hunt, but of the wilderness in general. And not just a huntress, but also a protector of animals and certain hunting protocols. Rules like "don't kill nesting birds" or "don't kill a mother animal" were the purview of Artemis as well

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@GraniRau: Take this image of Artemis(the Diana of Versailles). This is pretty much her Classical image. A huntress with her arrows, hair bound up with a band, and a stag. This is Artemis as the virgin goddess of the hunt and wilderness, roaming with her band of nymphs.

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I want to address a topic I think of as "divine multivalency". A fancy term for the way a god can have many attributes, forms, associations, and even positions within a theogony/pantheon. Many of these attributes are connected in a sort of conceptual web.

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Hellenistic period terracotta of Aphrodite. Here depicted sitting on a goose, an animal associated with her.

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A kind of summary of the Trojan War, from a medieval manuscript.

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Education of Princess Marie de Medici, by Rubens. 17th century. Marie is shown being instructed in writing by Minerva, music by Apollo, with Mercury and the Graces attending.

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εποπτεία(contemplation) was what the higher initiation was called. It required purification rites and some sort of nocturnal(or underground) rites, possibly a stay in the holy place for some period of time. It also required some kind of confession of faults or sins. https://t.co/X5XERGQWE4
: The Eetion/Iasion myth(or at least some reconstruction) could have originally been to be a "type" representing what the mystes went through in being initiated into the lower and higher mysteries.

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The Samothracian mysteries were open to all, with no time restrictions on the levels one could be initiated in. But relatively few went beyond the first level. Apparently something more difficult was required beyond that. https://t.co/Ra8A2VWGF8
: εποπτεία(contemplation) was what the higher initiation was called. It required purification rites and some sort of nocturnal(or underground) rites, possibly a stay in the holy place for some period of time. It also required some kind of confession of faults or sins.

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@GraniRau: The Samothracian mysteries were open to all, with no time restrictions on the levels one could be initiated in. But relatively few went beyond the first level. Apparently something more difficult was required beyond that.

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@GraniRau: There is a sexual connotation to union with the spirit or god, in many cultures. Explicit or merely implicit. Especially if it is framed as a sacred marriage. Eetion mating with Demeter(Cybele) his patron in the field, may reflect this idea, and the agricultural aspect.

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@GraniRau: I already posted about the hallowing of places by lightning. It is a fact that any place struck by it became sacred. In various forms of shamanism(a generalization) the initiation of a shaman or seer involves a visionary ordeal. Being cut to pieces or burned up is common.

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@GraniRau: Iasion may refer to bindweed of some type. They grows around grain and many other plants, attaching to them. There is the link to Demeter, goddess of grain. That also explains the sexual imagery, it was based on something observable in a field. Morning glory is a type of bindweed

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Triptolemos founded the very famous Eleusinian mysteries. However, his relationship to the goddess was as a foster son, not a lover. He was given a flying chariot drawn by snakes by Demeter. Some said he and Iasion became the Gemini constellation. https://t.co/AXCjpEu3ti
: The version of the story told by Diodorus that specifically refers to the Samothracian mysteries has Iasion and Demeter meet at the wedding of Kadmos and Harmonia(here sister to Iasion). Iasion marries Demeter(also identified with Cybele) and she births the Korybantes(Kabeiroi).

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Iasion and Demeter have a son named Ploutos(a wealth god), and some accounts mention another son called Philomelos, an agricultural god. Philomelos is the constellation Boötes(ox-driver, ploughman). Iasion was clearly an archaic agricultural figure, like the famous Triptolemos. https://t.co/Q4kqUFeGaO
: Triptolemos founded the very famous Eleusinian mysteries. However, his relationship to the goddess was as a foster son, not a lover. He was given a flying chariot drawn by snakes by Demeter. Some said he and Iasion became the Gemini constellation.

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Hesiod's Theogony, about this story. The detail of the thrice ploughed field is consistent(also in Homer). Three furrows(filled with offerings like milk or wine) were made as part of agricultural rites, this custom was maintained in parts of Europe into the 19th century. https://t.co/Dy3Xy5E5YM
: Iasion and Demeter have a son named Ploutos(a wealth god), and some accounts mention another son called Philomelos, an agricultural god. Philomelos is the constellation Boötes(ox-driver, ploughman). Iasion was clearly an archaic agricultural figure, like the famous Triptolemos.

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The simple version is that Iasion "lay with" the goddess of crops Demeter, in a field with three furrows ploughed in it. Zeus found this out(some say by the dirt on Demeter's back) and smote Iasion to death with his thunderbolt. https://t.co/qmK3PRotkd
: Hesiod's Theogony, about this story. The detail of the thrice ploughed field is consistent(also in Homer). Three furrows(filled with offerings like milk or wine) were made as part of agricultural rites, this custom was maintained in parts of Europe into the 19th century.

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Dardanos founded a kingdom, Iasion/Eetion was associated with founding the Samothracian mysteries. I will tell the story of Iasion. There are a lot of variants, though. A few details are consistent. https://t.co/qZsxWJhYZy
: The simple version is that Iasion "lay with" the goddess of crops Demeter, in a field with three furrows ploughed in it. Zeus found this out(some say by the dirt on Demeter's back) and smote Iasion to death with his thunderbolt.

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I always find these myths interesting. Many figures in the "early" stratum of Greek genealogies are not strictly human. Iasion and Dardanos were sons of Zeus and a star goddess(a daughter of Atlas). And yet they were associated with founding things on Earth, as mortal men. https://t.co/VWevBNXjsr
: Dardanos founded a kingdom, Iasion/Eetion was associated with founding the Samothracian mysteries. I will tell the story of Iasion. There are a lot of variants, though. A few details are consistent.

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I want to post about a particular myth. It isn't a complicated myth, on the surface anyway. It starts with Eetion(called Iasos or Iasion also) son of Zeus and Elektra("shining", one of the Pleiad stars). He was brother to Dardanos, founder of the Trojan royal line. https://t.co/x7vu2DD5yc
: I always find these myths interesting. Many figures in the "early" stratum of Greek genealogies are not strictly human. Iasion and Dardanos were sons of Zeus and a star goddess(a daughter of Atlas). And yet they were associated with founding things on Earth, as mortal men.

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I want to post about a particular myth. It isn't a complicated myth, on the surface anyway. It starts with Eetion(called Iasos or Iasion also) son of Zeus and Elektra("shining", one of the Pleiad stars). He was brother to Dardanos, founder of the Trojan royal line.

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Father Neptune, 16th century painting by Pietro della Vecchia. I don't live near the sea, but I have seen it. First time I saw it, I felt completely overwhelmed. It is no wonder people associated it with the other, hidden side of existence, the boundary between us and the beyond.

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The painting is on an ornate container made for a marriage gift. Venus enthroned is on the opposite side. A scene with animals runs across the middle, with knot designs above. I it is a beautiful artifact. https://t.co/CMNkWuyt6j
: I couldn't resist pointing this out. Briseis was the reason for Achilles quarreling with Agamemnon(not her fault though), and Achilles never married her anyway(he died). Lancelot's affair with Guinevere was bad for him and the kingdom. It caused him to fight against his lord.

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14th century painting of legendary lovers worshiping Venus. Achilles(who loved Briseis), Tristan(who loved Isolde), Lancelot(who loved Guinevere), Samson(who loved Delilah), Paris(who loved Helen), Troilus(who loved Cressida). Each one is labeled, look closely at their clothing. https://t.co/6MMthBUvXE
: The painting is on an ornate container made for a marriage gift. Venus enthroned is on the opposite side. A scene with animals runs across the middle, with knot designs above. I it is a beautiful artifact.

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14th century painting of legendary lovers worshiping Venus. Achilles(who loved Briseis), Tristan(who loved Isolde), Lancelot(who loved Guinevere), Samson(who loved Delilah), Paris(who loved Helen), Troilus(who loved Cressida). Each one is labeled, look closely at their clothing.

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Medieval depiction of pagans. This is supposed to represent ancient Greeks. It is from a mythology book that presents the myths as allegories and symbols. I wear a black robe and hood myself, when doing my pagan things. Open the hymnal and chant IVIX PRAISE OF MOST HOLY DIANA.

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Medieval manuscript depicting Troy. The statue on the right is probably meant to be the Palladium.

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A Rubens painting. Orpheus getting his wife back from Hades and Persephone. His musical skill moved the normally pitiless Hades to shed iron tears. And he was willing to face Persephone, who even other heroes dreaded. Sadly, this doesn't end well.

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@GraniRau: The entire system, in my opinion, is against rebuilding informal, familial authority structures, and local rule and custom. Those things threaten technocratic neoliberalism. They'd rather not have you thinking such dangerous thoughts.

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@GraniRau: And they need to have teeth. Flouting the standard has to come with real consequences. This is where a lot of people balk. They might draw comparisons to Muslims, or fundamentalist Christians. I have even seen a negative comparison with the Amish.

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Men set the standards, as I see it. Women do a good part in passing them on to the children and holding men to them. Men also enforce standards on women, but importantly, on other men as well. That is part of the problem. What standards have men allowed nowadays? https://t.co/6qX0N8oW81
: Say some dumb teenager got a girl pregnant. In the past, he would be expected to marry her and take responsibility. And her daddy's shotgun would be there to remind him of it. A simple, elegant solution, in my opinion. Back in the day they kept a closer watch on their daughters.

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@GraniRau: Men set the standards, as I see it. Women do a good part in passing them on to the children and holding men to them. Men also enforce standards on women, but importantly, on other men as well. That is part of the problem. What standards have men allowed nowadays?

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Hercules strangling the serpents in his crib, with his astonished parents looking on. A 16th century depiction.

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Hercules strangling the serpents in his crib, with his astonished parents looking on. A 16th century depiction. https://t.co/0sP45UMdER
: Hercules fighting the Nemean lion(s?). For some reason his club is on the ground. And he is killing the lion in the exact way you couldn't in the original myth, its hide was immune to weapons that could cut or pierce it. Hercules crushed or strangled it.

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Medieval depiction of the destruction of Troy.

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@AgeWarlord I always wonder why Yahweh isn't a demon to them. A demon originally just meant any spirit, even a god. Jews messed with the term's context. And if being evil=demon, then Yahweh would qualify too. He does outright evil, by Christian and current morality and his own admission.

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Painting by Paris Bordone. Hermes and Athena giving Perseus their gifts. The mirrored shield, the winged sandals, the cap of invisibility, the sword harpe, these were the items he received from the gods.

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@coronascrotum From a canon law collection of the Catholic Church. Why do I put this here? Because I've had it for a while and don't want to hear that Jewish law has nothing to do with Christianity. It would be quite easy for them to impose their law, since they already did before.

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This is from Laxdaela Saga. Thorgerd Egilsdottir incites her sons to avenge Kjartan, their brother, by killing his slayer. Bolli. Another episode where a woman of the clan(often a mother) incites the men to avenge their kin. Much like Gudrun did for her daughter Svanhild.

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Painting by Hendrick Goltzius. Mercury as the patron god of painters. This is how epithets and cults are often formed. Take an aspect of a particular god and invoke that specifically. "Mercury of the Painters" could as well be worshiped today. He is god of all sorts of crafts.

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Mercury and the Graces, by Jacopo Tintoretto.

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: Seater (who is also equated with the Saxon/Pomeranian Krodo, that's where the iconography comes from).

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Pietro della Vecchia, Venus and Mars.

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@SeekerRaiden Case in point. I literally facepalmed.

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dgaubatz313 @idk313
Imagine the man in this video dancing the way he is now except the woman isn't there, it's just him... it doesn't take "two to tango"... This is what a lot of woman-hating Judeo-Patriarchy loving alt-right people promote. https://t.co/L4N1XoQRGS https://t.co/WWWFVo3qmj
(((Women)))

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Venus, with her signs Libra and Taurus. Holding a thistle and a mirror. Couples and music are shown below. typical associations. https://t.co/WvlMSnGGQt
: Saturn with his signs Aquarius and Capricorn. He has a crutch(Saturn is the slow planet) and sickle. Below people are gaming and having fun. During Saturn's festival, workers got the whole time off, and social roles reversed. Christmas customs maintained this for a long time.

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Jupiter with his signs Sagittarius and Pisces. He is being associated with general prosperity here. He is holding darts(lightning) and a staff. https://t.co/6NKQNRzw6L
: Venus, with her signs Libra and Taurus. Holding a thistle and a mirror. Couples and music are shown below. typical associations.

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Mercury, shown with his signs Gemini and Virgo. He is being associated here various forms of labor. He is holding his serpent-staff and a money bag. https://t.co/28tFYezvgk
: Jupiter with his signs Sagittarius and Pisces. He is being associated with general prosperity here. He is holding darts(lightning) and a staff.

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Mars, shown with his signs Scorpio and Aries. As usual, associated with warfare. https://t.co/84wW8AGUVB
: Mercury, shown with his signs Gemini and Virgo. He is being associated here various forms of labor. He is holding his serpent-staff and a money bag.

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The Moon, shown here in association with guiding ships to ports. The connection to Cancer is also shown. She is holding a torch(for guiding) and a horn of plenty. https://t.co/hkxJCcBDNU
: Mars, shown with his signs Scorpio and Aries. As usual, associated with warfare.

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The Sun, showing the association with Leo. Below, men are training at javelins, stone throwing, staff, sword and buckler, and wrestling. The pursuit of excellence and glory. https://t.co/etlKcQhHNZ
: The Moon, shown here in association with guiding ships to ports. The connection to Cancer is also shown. She is holding a torch(for guiding) and a horn of plenty.

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The Sun, showing the association with Leo. Below, men are training at javelins, stone throwing, staff, sword and buckler, and wrestling. The pursuit of excellence and glory.

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Funny how things go around.
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The Sun, here being associated with the pursuit of honor. Whether it means being the tournament champion, the most respected statesman, the best at a craft, they all involve the pursuit of esteem and excellence. https://t.co/qzOkqz3jYc
: The same association is shown below. A king is being crowned, and in another place a man is being knighted. Naturally, the Sun is also associated with pride, and also with honesty and open dealing. Some of the oldest oaths call upon the all seeing Sun as witness.

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The Sun, here being associated with the pursuit of honor. Whether it means being the tournament champion, the most respected statesman, the best at a craft, they all involve the pursuit of esteem and excellence.

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@GraniRau: Roman Saturn was associated with agriculture and workers, for the most part. Secondary association with time and seasons(possibly by conflation). His wife is Lua or Ops, the goddess associated with destruction and crops, respectively. Saturn was often visualized as being covered.

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Saturn, with his scythe(sometimes a sickle) and shown about to swallow one of his children. Here he is being associated with time, note the hourglass down there, and the old man up front. n the background we see a beggar with a crutch, grasping a man by the wrist.

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Venus is associated with all sorts of emotions, pleasures, and beauty. This included negative emotions, as Venus is capable of inspiring enmity as well. Goddesses associated with Venus(Freyja, Ishtar, Aphrodite) had some association with warfare, and a masculine counterpart. https://t.co/6Uo9a0m2iL
: These masculine counterparts to Venus and associated goddesses would be gods like Attar, Shalim, Freyr, Aphroditus(or Hermaphroditus), the masculine version of Ishtar, Phosphorus, and Hesperus. The main god in Vedic astrology associated with Venus' sphere, is Shukra, who is male.

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Venus, shown with Cupid. Here she is being associated with music and dancing, and other recreations(like the man up front going hawking). Venus was associated with all sorts of pleasures, though love and sexuality predominate in the popular view. And did in the past as well. https://t.co/vFk6JCrrQs
: Venus is associated with all sorts of emotions, pleasures, and beauty. This included negative emotions, as Venus is capable of inspiring enmity as well. Goddesses associated with Venus(Freyja, Ishtar, Aphrodite) had some association with warfare, and a masculine counterpart.

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Venus, shown with Cupid. Here she is being associated with music and dancing, and other recreations(like the man up front going hawking). Venus was associated with all sorts of pleasures, though love and sexuality predominate in the popular view. And did in the past as well.

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Jupiter, here depicted associated with rulers and authority. A king on his throne, judgment being carried out, and a man taking counsel with a woman(possibly a figure of wisdom, or Minerva). Jupiter has a broad range of associations in medieval and modern depictions. https://t.co/CLoHhoFxZH
: Here Jupiter is depicted associated with prosperity, and a king holding court outdoors is prominent. Aside from authority, Jupiter is associated with success, stability, weather(especially needed rain, as well as lightning), and victory.

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Jupiter, here depicted associated with rulers and authority. A king on his throne, judgment being carried out, and a man taking counsel with a woman(possibly a figure of wisdom, or Minerva). Jupiter has a broad range of associations in medieval and modern depictions.

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Mercury, with the typical learning association prominent. Up front is a geometer with an astrolabe. People are reading and practicing shooting in the background. All sorts of skills are aligned with Mercury. Oratory, craft, divination, writing, even dissimulation.

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Mars, being associated with his main sphere, warfare. Though the woman with the scales reminds us of an old association with justice(a harsh punitive or retributive sort). Mars rarely has any ambiguity in medieval or early modern depictions, weapons and war always come up. https://t.co/ew3C3NWAGt
: To the ancients though, Mars(and associated gods like Nergal, Ares, Tyr) had other aspects. Maybe plague, or general calamity, political assemblies, and protection(of the state, or of the crops). Astrologically Mars is forceful and powerful, but this isn't always positive.

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Mars, being associated with his main sphere, warfare. Though the woman with the scales reminds us of an old association with justice(a harsh punitive or retributive sort). Mars rarely has any ambiguity in medieval or early modern depictions, weapons and war always come up.

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@GraniRau: The Pyramids and early Egyptian things in general far pre-date the Bible, any mention of Israel, Yahweh, Jews, and often anything in the Bible timeline. The Egyptians were building things about as old as the world, and before the Flood itself(the Bible has most nations post-Flood

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Shem would have lived to see Jabob's generation, he outlived Abraham himself. Why is this a problem? Because Abraham, along with everyone else in the world, seems to have forgotten the god that flooded everything within living memory. That everyone worshiped. https://t.co/SDKoGNpzmM
: Another problem is that Abraham's time is depicted as having distinct, even anachronistic, cultures. There are Philistines(somehow, they didn't exist there yet), Egyptians, Canaanites, Shinar, Chaldeans, Hittites, Elamites, Ur, Jerusalem already exists...

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@GraniRau: The numbers don't add up either. Abraham was less than 300 years removed from an event that reduced the population to 8 people. And yet he goes to different nations, many cities already exist, and everyone seems to have forgotten the only culture and religion that had existed.

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But, when we get to Abraham, he doesn't seem to know this god Elohim(El Shaddai, Yahweh). Jewish tradition(copied by the Muslims and Christians) even had Abraham's father Terah as a craftsman of idols. Abraham is of Shem's lineage. This is a bigger deal than you may think. https://t.co/BFzuQOZop5
: This is Abraham's ancestry from Genesis 11. Do the math, and also include Noah, who lived 950 years(one of the longest in the Bible). Noah, his sons, and all of Abraham's ancestors were contemporary with Abraham. The Flood generation and after were all still alive.

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This is Abraham's ancestry from Genesis 11. Do the math, and also include Noah, who lived 950 years(one of the longest in the Bible). Noah, his sons, and all of Abraham's ancestors were contemporary with Abraham. The Flood generation and after were all still alive. https://t.co/rr0Ruk6FoZ
: Shem would have lived to see Jabob's generation, he outlived Abraham himself. Why is this a problem? Because Abraham, along with everyone else in the world, seems to have forgotten the god that flooded everything within living memory. That everyone worshiped.

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Not only Noah, but all his sons and their wives had also experienced this. They sacrificed to this god Yahweh/El when they finally got off the Ark. Even more, they saved all the animals, somehow. Not something you'd forget. And everyone after is descended from these people. https://t.co/SHXOtRW0Et
: But, when we get to Abraham, he doesn't seem to know this god Elohim(El Shaddai, Yahweh). Jewish tradition(copied by the Muslims and Christians) even had Abraham's father Terah as a craftsman of idols. Abraham is of Shem's lineage. This is a bigger deal than you may think.

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@GraniRau: At one point in the Bible, Noah and his family are the only people left in the world. All people are his descendants. Noah had clearly seen: -This god called El or Yahweh appear to him -This god flood the whole world, as he promised -This god put the rainbow in the sky

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At one point in the Bible, Noah and his family are the only people left in the world. All people are his descendants. Noah had clearly seen: -This god called El or Yahweh appear to him -This god flood the whole world, as he promised -This god put the rainbow in the sky https://t.co/X68IM5Xodl
: Not only Noah, but all his sons and their wives had also experienced this. They sacrificed to this god Yahweh/El when they finally got off the Ark. Even more, they saved all the animals, somehow. Not something you'd forget. And everyone after is descended from these people.

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I have seen the claim by Christians and Muslims that their religion was the "original religion of humanity" going back to Adam. One may say the same of Hinduism, Mesopotamian religion, Chinese religion, Buddhism, and so on. The first ancestors I can think of knew Odin.

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Here is an example where the Moon is associated with animals and hunting. Birth and generation, seasons, waxing and waning, all within the Moon's sphere. https://t.co/IKHnOBmAw7
: Here, the Moon is being associated with fishing. Seasonal and animal associations, as well as with generation.

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The Moon. Here being associated with children and nurture. The goddess Artemis is associated with these, and astrologically, the Moon is closely connected with the mother. Also connected with the mind and rebirth. Sometimes you will see the Moon linked to hunting(Artemis again) https://t.co/qE629LwicA
: Here is an example where the Moon is associated with animals and hunting. Birth and generation, seasons, waxing and waning, all within the Moon's sphere.

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The Moon. Here being associated with children and nurture. The goddess Artemis is associated with these, and astrologically, the Moon is closely connected with the mother. Also connected with the mind and rebirth. Sometimes you will see the Moon linked to hunting(Artemis again)

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One of my favorite episodes from the saga literature. Egill Skallagrimsson reacted this way upon the death of his son Bodvar. This was on top of his son Gunnar dying a bit before. Egill shuts himself up in his room and doesn't eat or drink, wishing to die. https://t.co/I9hNCWUsUU
: On day three of this, Egill's wife Asgerd sends a messenger to fetch their daughter Thorgerd(who was married to Olaf the Peacock at that point). Thorgerd drops everything and rides all day, gets there at night. When she arrives, she shuts herself in and vows to follow her father

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@GraniRau: So now Thorgerd an Egill are both in the room, trying to starve to death. Thorgerd brought in some seaweed, and chewed it. She convinces her father to have some too, telling him it will make them die faster. Because it is very salty, she gets him to drink milk(saying it was water

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One of my favorite episodes from the saga literature. Egill Skallagrimsson reacted this way upon the death of his son Bodvar. This was on top of his son Gunnar dying a bit before. Egill shuts himself up in his room and doesn't eat or drink, wishing to die.

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Paganus ᛟ @Paganus6
Tradcaths: "Catholics made the best art, therefore we're better." Reality: Catholic church had endless funds to patronize the best artists in the world to make artwork specifically for them. Half of them would be considered debauched heretics if they didn't paint a Madonna.

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@AutodidactG My result. I think I am somewhat odd. INTJ (with a close race between J and P), but somewhat right brained. I often do things off of intuition, and my family has some tendencies toward that. Sudden inspirations too. (https://www.arealme.com/left-right-brain/en/)

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Painting by Pietro della Vecchia. Depicts the Punic leader Hasdrubal being upbraided in front of Scipio Aemilianus. According to the histories, his wife burned herself rather than submit to the Romans. Hasdrubal himself lived out the rest of his life in Italy, pretty generous.

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~3000 years old gold braid thing. Found near the France-Belgium border.

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Another statue, probably of Ishtar. Hellenistic period Babylonian. But this one is reclining rather than standing.

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Hellenistic period Babylonian statuette of a woman. From the crescent on her head, this is probably meant to depict Ishtar.

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An example naming Anu, the progenitor of all the gods, and the highest god. In the local pantheons, the divine child or descendant of Anu would be considered the god of that nation/city. Like Asshur, or Marduk, or Enlil. https://t.co/ejaRiv0nGT
: Witches were feared and proscribed by law. If the ill was the fault of a witch, a ritual was done to send the curse back to witch/sorcerer. In this context, a witch is someone who uses illicit rituals and magic, generally causing trouble for society.

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Witches were feared and proscribed by law. If the ill was the fault of a witch, a ritual was done to send the curse back to witch/sorcerer. In this context, a witch is someone who uses illicit rituals and magic, generally causing trouble for society. https://t.co/MFHKvGusqF
: This is from an Ugaritic text. Part of an anti-witchcraft ritual. This part is directed at the sorcerer. On the right is an excerpt from Psalm 109. Maybe not the exact same purpose, but a similar feeling, returning curses and ill speaking.

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@GraniRau: When a person was to be purified from evil spirits, the Babylonians would go to a priest to be sprinkled with holy water, and incense would be burnt. The spirit of ill would be told to leave the sufferer in the name of Marduk(or others). When you see lamassu, think of "cherub"

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When a person was to be purified from evil spirits, the Babylonians would go to a priest to be sprinkled with holy water, and incense would be burnt. The spirit of ill would be told to leave the sufferer in the name of Marduk(or others). When you see lamassu, think of "cherub" https://t.co/6IqmMNXROM
: An example naming Anu, the progenitor of all the gods, and the highest god. In the local pantheons, the divine child or descendant of Anu would be considered the god of that nation/city. Like Asshur, or Marduk, or Enlil.

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From a Babylonian prayer. "Sin" in the most ancient definition in an Ancient Near East context is an action or mistake that offends a god. It is like a curse or impurity, think of the Greek idea of miasma. It was thought to cause illness, too. And to attract evil spirits.

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Jupiter. Missing his usual staff and bolt. Instead he is being more associated with rain(also accurate though). https://t.co/1s7TSPYPlQ
: Venus.

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Apollo. He is also associated with the Sol here. You can see his white raven over there. https://t.co/FZJkgyiTTh
: Diana. Also associated with Luna here.

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: Jupiter. Missing his usual staff and bolt. Instead he is being more associated with rain(also accurate though).

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From the club, probably meant to be Hercules. It looks like he is wearing a boar's skin, so I thought of Meleager as well. https://t.co/yazVuIAcoG
: Apollo. He is also associated with the Sol here. You can see his white raven over there.

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Men taken before the judges of Hades. These would be Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aiakos. https://t.co/gJYtbed5aD
: The nymph Daphne.

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: From the club, probably meant to be Hercules. It looks like he is wearing a boar's skin, so I thought of Meleager as well.

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: Men taken before the judges of Hades. These would be Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aiakos.

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: From another manuscript of the same work. Venus, with people holding up hearts.

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From another manuscript of the same work. Venus, with people holding up hearts. https://t.co/XR2lbjGN6q
: Circe's island, and the men she turned into pigs.

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Circe's island, and the men she turned into pigs. https://t.co/RHTjJGosyh
: Goddess managing a forest.

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Midas judging the musical contest between Pan and Apollo. https://t.co/3jhnS0Wmg1
: Bacchus presiding over a party or feast.

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Bacchus presiding over a party or feast. https://t.co/hnVCNy0Sww
: Ceres sowing the grain.

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The hunter Narcissus becoming obsessed with his own reflection. I instantly loved these when I saw them. The myths and motifs were constantly mined as a literary and teaching resource, even in later times. https://t.co/YZVyctv7we
: Vesta and her virgin priestesses.

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Vesta and her virgin priestesses. https://t.co/hlCS4cH6SW
: The founding story of Thebes. Cadmus slays the serpent near the spring. He will sow its teeth into the soil, and they will turn into the first men of Thebes.

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The founding story of Thebes. Cadmus slays the serpent near the spring. He will sow its teeth into the soil, and they will turn into the first men of Thebes. https://t.co/KNcQuLys2f
: Midas judging the musical contest between Pan and Apollo.

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Odysseus blinding the cyclops Polyphemus. https://t.co/vAa90jPVMd
: The goddess Minerva aiding knights. The right illustration shows the aspects of Minerva, as a goddess of war, and of learning/craft.

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The goddess Minerva aiding knights. The right illustration shows the aspects of Minerva, as a goddess of war, and of learning/craft. https://t.co/eaQuCh9u0U
: Hercules storming Hades to capture Cerberus. This was one of his famous labors.

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Hercules storming Hades to capture Cerberus. This was one of his famous labors. https://t.co/eyM90MVN3v
: The hunter Narcissus becoming obsessed with his own reflection. I instantly loved these when I saw them. The myths and motifs were constantly mined as a literary and teaching resource, even in later times.

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15th century depiction of Perseus fighting the Chimera. It is from an illustration for this book. It was written to turn pagan myths into moral tales and examples of chivalry for knights. And often to give the myths Christian interpretations. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60567/60567-h/60567-h.htm

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15th century depiction of Perseus fighting the Chimera. It is from an illustration for this book. It was written to turn pagan myths into moral tales and examples of chivalry for knights. And often to give the myths Christian interpretations. https://t.co/0ZbFvIWaZ7 https://t.co/GEBiEZ3COz
: Odysseus blinding the cyclops Polyphemus.

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@GraniRau: Another thing that interests me is a similarity in "prophetic technique" to the Old Testament. Balaam has El speak to him in a dream. He also fasts and weeps. We see in other ANE literature incubation rites, prophetic frenzies, and similar techniques to Hebrew prophets.

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@GraniRau: The Bible account has Balaam worshiping Yahweh. He even says he will only do what Yahweh commands him when King Balak wants Balaam to curse the Israelites. Though the account is contradictory, from multiple stories and editing. Balaam was a respected figure that they wanted coopt

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@GraniRau: For one, it actually references a Biblical character, Balaam son of Beor. The inscription itself is an Iron Age one, 900-700 BCE range. Balaam is made a contemporary of Moses in the Bible, which means they probably moved him back in time when they inserted him in their stories.

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Classical period krater from Italy. Most likely of Etruscan make, though it could have been made in Magna Graecia. We see Apollo, Zeus, and Hera(or maybe Hebe or Demeter).

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Muse, tell me about Pan, the dear son of Hermes, with his goat's feet and two horns -- a lover of merry noise. Through wooded glades he wanders with dancing nymphs who foot it on some sheer cliff's edge, calling upon Pan, the shepherd-god, long-haired, unkempt.

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@astro_divergent: @KC_nemesis The Eurasian land itself is racist against people that aren't somewhere on this spectrum. No POC can survive it.

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From a part where Erra talks to Marduk(second in command to Anu). Marduk references the flood that wiped out most of mankind. Marduk also notes, if he gives the land over to Erra's power for a time, creation itself will fall apart. Waters will rise and flood the land... https://t.co/VnJC8OhWFG
: Day will become dark, the stars will go out of order, underworld spirits will start killing people. There will be whirlwinds, nature will go out of order. Marduk can't just leave things be, or this will happen. Erra gives him a response ensuring that boundaries will be observed.

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Some good old fashioned divine wrath. The supreme god Anu (Mesopotamian) created 7 gods to be embodiments of destruction and punishment. They are there whenever he wants to pour out his wrath. Like the Enlil hymn I posted, this ought to look familiar.... http://www.lanetothegrey.de/gatewaystobabylon/myths/texts/classic/erraishum.htm

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Some good old fashioned divine wrath. The supreme god Anu (Mesopotamian) created 7 gods to be embodiments of destruction and punishment. They are there whenever he wants to pour out his wrath. Like the Enlil hymn I posted, this ought to look familiar.... https://t.co/gmuoUs6R2s https://t.co/3bBiirqFdm
: Anu is the father of all the gods, and he allots destinies and rulerships to his children. Erra is a god of plague and destruction, much like a "destroying angel" or Resheph(plague) in another text you might know. Erra and the seven smite everyone, foreigner and Babylonian alike.

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Anu is the father of all the gods, and he allots destinies and rulerships to his children. Erra is a god of plague and destruction, much like a "destroying angel" or Resheph(plague) in another text you might know. Erra and the seven smite everyone, foreigner and Babylonian alike. https://t.co/spp1DbcSEY
: From a part where Erra talks to Marduk(second in command to Anu). Marduk references the flood that wiped out most of mankind. Marduk also notes, if he gives the land over to Erra's power for a time, creation itself will fall apart. Waters will rise and flood the land...

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Neptune and Salacia. Painting by Bon Boullogne, 1699.

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From Plutarch's Isis and Osiris. An aside on Zoroastrianism. This eschatology should look familiar. Hades itself will pass away, all the blessed will be under one government, one language, and have no needs.

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@RiceBag10: @AnnaLakshmiRice @ProudNationali4 @humans_r_divine @kuldeepsingh772 @TamilSamuel @DanielBSingh1 @tsarina885 No Western nation has laws based on the Bible. If they did, it would closely resemble Islamic law. I included quotes from actual church law from the middle ages as well as the Bible.

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@RiceBag10: @AnnaLakshmiRice @TamilSamuel @humans_r_divine @DanielBSingh1 @Thamizhchristi1 @LastTantrick @NaveenKumarVA16 @ConversionOK @tsarina885 @Steve_Alex_IIT @jose2ss Or things like this. What the Israelites did with the Midianite virgins after they slaughtered the rest. They were even directed to kill all non-virgin and pregnant women. And to kill all the boys. The rest are divided up, Yahweh gets 32 of the virgins.

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@RiceBag10: @AnnaLakshmiRice @TamilSamuel @humans_r_divine @DanielBSingh1 @Thamizhchristi1 @LastTantrick @NaveenKumarVA16 @ConversionOK @tsarina885 @Steve_Alex_IIT @jose2ss There never was a god known to be called Molech. Tyrian MLQRT would be the closest to that title. A MLK was a type of offering, by all indications. Ezekiel has Yahweh saying what I put down there. It makes the firstborn sacrifice in the Torah make a whole lot more sense.

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The Shigir Idol. It is over 10,000 years old. Found in a peat bog in the middle of Russia, Urals region. This and Göbekli Tepe changed views of early human culture and religion. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/11000-year-old-statue-unearthed-siberia-may-reveal-ancient-views-taboos-and-demons

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Olaf Tryggvason's response when the chieftain Raud refused to convert when it was demanded of him. Olaf also had people who refused to convert tied in a place at low tide, so high tide would drown them.

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@GraniRau: Nor did an unmoved mover create everything. Eternal and unchanging heavens, remember? The unmoved movers never generate, create, or organize anything. They only account for the motion of the heavens. And, there was no "creation" or beginning in Aristotle's philosophy.

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@AutodidactG @Hastivarman And in between, they managed to find time to engage in religious conflicts. Massacre or burn heretics. Mass rebellions of zealots and angry peasants. Things like that.

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@GraniRau: I also wonder about the World Tree idea in relation to this. It is an Axis Mundi of sorts. And Odin hangs on it. Usually these Axes point toward where all the stars circle around, the pole. The heavens literally hanging on this axis? This is a suggestion that came to me just now.

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Expand that, and it connects to magic or primeval shamanism. Even today steppe shamans say that there is a connection between man and heaven, power that flows into us from the sky. And the point of rituals was in imitating/influencing the cosmic order, very evident in the sky. https://t.co/V04BI93XRJ
: The poet in most ancient societies was either a kind of shaman or ecstatic, or considered to have one foot in that territory. Inspiration(literally meaning to breathe in) takes hold, giving him the thoughts, images, and words that he must to remember.

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The poet in most ancient societies was either a kind of shaman or ecstatic, or considered to have one foot in that territory. Inspiration(literally meaning to breathe in) takes hold, giving him the thoughts, images, and words that he must to remember. https://t.co/kX8wino7YR
: The death association is also natural. If you believe that the breath of life came from the heavens, once someone expires, that is where it returns. And the sky brings storms, floods, cold, and heat, not just nourishment. Showing Odin's dual nature as healer and death bringer.

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@GraniRau: There is a whole pile of folklore and myth associating wind with a "wolf". Sure enough, Odin is accompanied by wolves. The wind is a destroyer, but also gives life. It was literally considered the breath of life, or life force in motion. That in turn connects it to the mind.

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There is a whole pile of folklore and myth associating wind with a "wolf". Sure enough, Odin is accompanied by wolves. The wind is a destroyer, but also gives life. It was literally considered the breath of life, or life force in motion. That in turn connects it to the mind. https://t.co/lgQN0vn11p
: Expand that, and it connects to magic or primeval shamanism. Even today steppe shamans say that there is a connection between man and heaven, power that flows into us from the sky. And the point of rituals was in imitating/influencing the cosmic order, very evident in the sky.

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There is an obscure myth where Poseidon mated with Demeter(an earth goddess) in the form of a stallion, she in the form of a mare. There was even a temple where a horse headed Demeter was depicted, in an archaic form. https://t.co/8CoqkKLdRC
: For the castration myth, the most famous is Kronos(Saturn) castrating Ouranus(heaven) and forcing the separation of heaven and earth. Hurrian myths had the same thing happen, with Anu being heaven, Kumarbi the one who castrates him, and Kumarbi's son Teshub being much like Zeus.

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@GraniRau: Odin is also called Thundr and Vidrir(stirrer, or stormer), again associating him with sky and wind. Ýrungr and Hveðrungr are more examples. Báleygr, flaming eye. With his dark blue cloak, and his single flaming eye, it always reminded me of the sky and the Sun.

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An example would be the Vedic Dyaus, whose nighttime aspect was a black horse adorned with the stars. In his more ancient aspect, Poseidon(who is associated with and took the form of a horse) may have also been considered god of the dark sky(which was linked to water anyway). https://t.co/4S9aPkVx8p
: There is an obscure myth where Poseidon mated with Demeter(an earth goddess) in the form of a stallion, she in the form of a mare. There was even a temple where a horse headed Demeter was depicted, in an archaic form.

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Odin has many names and titles that refer to him. In untranslated poetry, you are as likely to see them as Odin. There was even a poem that listed out his many times(a thulr of sorts). One of them I am interested in is Jálkr. It means a castrated horse. A gelding, as we say. https://t.co/1P5J0QGcBm
: Why would anyone refer to Odin or any other god that way? Likely because of an ancient mytheme where the sky god was castrated by his descendant or offspring. Odin is associated with the horse. So was the ancient sky god, sometimes he was visualized as a horse.

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Why would anyone refer to Odin or any other god that way? Likely because of an ancient mytheme where the sky god was castrated by his descendant or offspring. Odin is associated with the horse. So was the ancient sky god, sometimes he was visualized as a horse. https://t.co/gp9uXe7Uz9
: An example would be the Vedic Dyaus, whose nighttime aspect was a black horse adorned with the stars. In his more ancient aspect, Poseidon(who is associated with and took the form of a horse) may have also been considered god of the dark sky(which was linked to water anyway).

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Odin has many names and titles that refer to him. In untranslated poetry, you are as likely to see them as Odin. There was even a poem that listed out his many times(a thulr of sorts). One of them I am interested in is Jálkr. It means a castrated horse. A gelding, as we say.

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@Strength_Fan: @Its_all_a_show That is a fair point. But you already hit on the problem with remaining silent. You said you were all a bit crestfallen when you heard a neo-Hellenist was an alphabet. Do you want to see what happens when a clear statement about politics is not made?

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From Buyo Inshi again. He is praising a historical warrior for refusing to listen to the part about not killing and pacifism in the Buddhist precepts. In general, the author does not like Buddhism much, sees it as destabilizing the state, and as bad for warriors to embrace.

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@AeonicShadow Matriarchy, as in the days of old, like that theorized by 19th century anthropologists. Let no man know who his father even is. Let the maternal uncle be the male figure in his life.

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A hymn in praise to Enlil, strong on his holy mountain. He excludes the wicked and rebellious from his holy city. http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr4051.htm

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@GraniRau: When Aias comes back to his senses, in shame, he decides to fall on his own sword. The sword was supposed to have been the same one that Hector had given him as a gift, after their inconclusive duel. Odysseus is shown by Homer to regret how this played out.

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It came down to Odysseus and Aias making public speeches, arguing over which one should get the armor. The listening crowd of warriors, would then put lots in for their choice. Odysseus was a better speaker, and enjoyed the favor of Athena, goddess of craft and intelligence. https://t.co/w7OwzU8bwi
: Odysseus wins, but Aias isn't pleased. He had been the one to physically carry Achilles back, in the midst of fighting. He had also done much for the Achaean army throughout the whole war, especially in the defense of the ships against Hector.

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Classical vase. This depicts the suicide of Aias. He was a great warrior among the Achaeans in the Trojan War, though the contingent from Salamis he lead was small(similar numbers to Odysseus). He was the largest warrior too, and feared no one, not even Achilles. https://t.co/oZZYOoLC41
: Aias had something of a rivalry/friendship with Odysseus. After Achilles was killed, both of them went in to retrieve his body, at great danger to themselves. They succeeded. After the funeral of Achilles, it had to be decided who got the god-forged armor that he had owned.

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Aias had something of a rivalry/friendship with Odysseus. After Achilles was killed, both of them went in to retrieve his body, at great danger to themselves. They succeeded. After the funeral of Achilles, it had to be decided who got the god-forged armor that he had owned. https://t.co/qmsYnmvSzA
: It came down to Odysseus and Aias making public speeches, arguing over which one should get the armor. The listening crowd of warriors, would then put lots in for their choice. Odysseus was a better speaker, and enjoyed the favor of Athena, goddess of craft and intelligence.

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Classical vase. This depicts the suicide of Aias. He was a great warrior among the Achaeans in the Trojan War, though the contingent from Salamis he lead was small(similar numbers to Odysseus). He was the largest warrior too, and feared no one, not even Achilles.

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Woden shown as the forefather of Anglo-Saxon royal lineages. Manuscript is 12th century.

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A picture from an old German publication, Die Gartenlaube. This part seems to be on folklore. This depicts Wotan and Frija riding with their host. The various local names are now often subsumed under the label "wild hunt" or "furious host".

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Peter Pauper @PauperPeter
@GraniRau @ApollonianGael @VEDIC_CYBERGOD 🥴
@ApollonianGael @VEDIC_CYBERGOD

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Peter Pauper @PauperPeter
@GraniRau @ApollonianGael @VEDIC_CYBERGOD I've heard similar sentiments. Perhaps it is because these people do not need to integrate their deviant behaviour into their own personality, but can always just pretend that it's not a natural part of them at all, but rather due to "temptation" coming from outside?
@ApollonianGael @VEDIC_CYBERGOD

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@Moria1421 @MavrosArkouda @Aureum_Kolovrat What makes so many people think this? There is nothing that bears it out in anything I know. And yes, that includes Europe. It isn't an Abrahamic idea, that gives them too much credit. Do you think people would have sacrificed 100 oxen, or entire hoards of gold, otherwise?

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He thought concubines, if they must be had, should be chosen for their good behavior and their lineage. And they should be entitled to support and a long term relationship, not constantly exchanged or treated like courtesans at best. And they should be with their children. https://t.co/ZFa11YVOKE
: Right here, he is doing some physiognomy. I found this whole part so interesting that I decided to take it down so I could post something on it sometime. He castigates the rich farmers from the upper crust of provincial society for many of the same things.

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@GraniRau: Samurai were expected to live on a fixed income, in the towns, as the functionaries and guards. But this income often couldn't pay for expenses. Worse, the people that managed the incomes could say "we're borrowing a bit from your stipend to pay another bill" and present an IOU

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The child grows up not sure of their own mother. And he felt that the mother was entitled to some support. As it was, the concubine was dismissed from contract with one payment, and may have a good marriage arranged for them. But no further contact with the man, or her child. https://t.co/Axu3YE9Kaf
: But, he also brings up breeding. Concubines were chosen based on looks, or amusement factor, not at all on character or class background. The writer believed that the crude/cowardly behavior and even the looks of lowborn concubines ruined warrior lineages.

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But, he also brings up breeding. Concubines were chosen based on looks, or amusement factor, not at all on character or class background. The writer believed that the crude/cowardly behavior and even the looks of lowborn concubines ruined warrior lineages. https://t.co/G2rmZP9uh9
: He thought concubines, if they must be had, should be chosen for their good behavior and their lineage. And they should be entitled to support and a long term relationship, not constantly exchanged or treated like courtesans at best. And they should be with their children.

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It is mostly a critique of the society of the time, comparing it to the past(often recent past). One theme that comes up many times is that the bushi(warrior) class in the writer's time(19th century) was decadent and mostly not ready for a real fight. There is something important https://t.co/Jyd2sN3Lf7
: The writer critiques the taking of concubines by high ranking samurai retainers and lords at length. One reason is that many times concubines were contracted, then dismissed after having a child. He felt this did wrong to the woman, and the child.

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The writer critiques the taking of concubines by high ranking samurai retainers and lords at length. One reason is that many times concubines were contracted, then dismissed after having a child. He felt this did wrong to the woman, and the child. https://t.co/nz4MBxbby6
: The child grows up not sure of their own mother. And he felt that the mother was entitled to some support. As it was, the concubine was dismissed from contract with one payment, and may have a good marriage arranged for them. But no further contact with the man, or her child.

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"Lust, Commerce, and Corruption: An Account of What I Have Seen and Heard, by an Edo Samurai" I have been reading that lately. It is an anonymous(and long) account of life in Edo(and Japan in general) written in 1816 by a samurai using a pen name(Buyo Inshi, retired gentleman)

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"Lust, Commerce, and Corruption: An Account of What I Have Seen and Heard, by an Edo Samurai" I have been reading that lately. It is an anonymous(and long) account of life in Edo(and Japan in general) written in 1816 by a samurai using a pen name(Buyo Inshi, retired gentleman) https://t.co/6s3jbt3KPM
: It is mostly a critique of the society of the time, comparing it to the past(often recent past). One theme that comes up many times is that the bushi(warrior) class in the writer's time(19th century) was decadent and mostly not ready for a real fight. There is something important

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7th century brooch. Alemanni, or maybe Frankish.

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@hateisbad1 @asbestosempire @mentalhellcat @kathocrat (((Women)))

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Today is Saturday. Getting this in early.

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@Hastivarman I got Che Guevara. Pretty happy with the result.

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Classical period Thracian helmet. Currently in the Roman Museum of National History.

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@marielwilliams We see kindred spirits in them. Fellow predators. It is why we like wolves and dogs.

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@GraniRau: A big reason to marry was the ancestral cult. It continues each generation. If people only care about their personal pleasure, this cannot last long. Ancestral cult is the core of society because no culture would last without its identity(ancestors) and its future(offspring).

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Here is a hard pill for some. Keeping marriage from being a joke like it is now, requires things like below. Public morals were not kept by idleness. They were kept by an honor-shame dynamic and punishments for infringing. By conditioning everyone with custom observed from birth. https://t.co/kPYOSODyVz
: Custom is far higher than written law. "It is how things are done" has a great finality to it. And people are very concerned about the respect of others, which breaking custom will cause the loss of. It takes a while for custom to solidify, but it is very hard to break later on.

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Custom is far higher than written law. "It is how things are done" has a great finality to it. And people are very concerned about the respect of others, which breaking custom will cause the loss of. It takes a while for custom to solidify, but it is very hard to break later on. https://t.co/qjgL1oYiTl
: The importance of marriage is for the sake of children and the wider clan. Not a thing about love is mentioned here. Nor is dating. Marriages were arranged and contracted with an exchange of goods, with the assent of the father and relatives.

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Tacitus on marriage among Germans. Note that "barbarians" meant any non-Italian(and maybe Greek) to him. Most barbarians of the Near East were polygamous. Many others as well. Monogamy was the Roman custom, and also that of the Greeks.

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Tacitus on marriage among Germans. Note that "barbarians" meant any non-Italian(and maybe Greek) to him. Most barbarians of the Near East were polygamous. Many others as well. Monogamy was the Roman custom, and also that of the Greeks. https://t.co/w7dHmR3E2L
: Here is a hard pill for some. Keeping marriage from being a joke like it is now, requires things like below. Public morals were not kept by idleness. They were kept by an honor-shame dynamic and punishments for infringing. By conditioning everyone with custom observed from birth.

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Golden arm ring found in Östergötland, Sweden. It is Viking Age, 10th century being the middle of the range for it. https://historiska.se/upptack-historien/object/108907-armring-djurhuvudformade-andar-av-guld/

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11th century statuette found in Södermanland, Sweden. Thought to be the god Freyr(because he is ithyphallic). I have a reproduction of this one. Small statues like this were used for private worship.

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11th century statuette found in Södermanland, Sweden. Thought to be the god Freyr(because he is ithyphallic). I have a reproduction of this one. Small statues like this were used for private worship. https://t.co/08Z34DucoW
: Roman examples. These were put up on household altars.

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@GraniRau: Another example. How does this current practice differ from those found in Europe historically? It is such a part of life in Mongolia and parts of Siberia and China that people out driving will stop by these and leave something. Casually as we stop at a gas station.

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An ovoo outside a Buddhist monastery in Mongolia's capital. These aren't really Buddhist, but part of native religion. Buddhism integrated them because Buddhism and Tengriism are syncretized in Mongolia. And it would not do for the local god to be angry at the monastery.

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@sunlightsabre @PauperPeter @westernbrahmin @HermesThurston

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@sunlightsabre @PauperPeter @westernbrahmin @HermesThurston

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@sunlightsabre @PauperPeter @westernbrahmin @HermesThurston

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@sunlightsabre @PauperPeter @westernbrahmin @HermesThurston

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Roman customs concerning the god Saturn.

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A quote from a British colonel on the Rajputs. A lot of military men really admired the Rajputs, and they were classified by the British as a Martial Race. I am not posting this for an ethnographic study on Hindus(interesting as that might be), but for European self reflection.

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@GraniRau: Let the reader understand the parable. Mustard seeds are small, but the plant spreads very quickly. It has long been known as troublesome, as mustard will take over a field quickly if left alone. They will choke out many other plants, even have chemicals that help do that.

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Romans often interjected with "by Hercules" just like people go OMG today. But never do it indoors. If you must name a god, name another one instead. By Jove, for example.

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There are deep mysteries here. Another quote from Plutarch.

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Much of Greek art, like the elaborate painting described here, full of religious symbolism, was deliberately destroyed. Keep that in mind. Also, Dionysus can join the "was born in a cave" club. Then again, so was Zeus himself. It was very common as a mythological trope.

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Here we have Clement doing apologetics. This fellow was asking Greeks to abandon their sacred mountains Helicon(home of the Muses) and Cithaeron(Dionysus) to instead go to Zion. Moses is the bearer of truth? Leviticus is our new Muse? Torah and Jerusalem? Need it be clearer?

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There were many unique cults that did not fit the mold of the unified mythology. Ever heard of Aphrodite of the Tomb?

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Romans commonly wouldn't put a lamp out. They'd let it burn out on its own. This likely had an origin in some taboo around fire, but Plutarch didn't know why they did it. Nor likely did anyone else, custom is "how things are done" and rarely needs much thought. https://t.co/xEvh9nt5NO
: Romans wanting to display their high lineage wore crescents on their shoes. Plutarch mentions here the very old idea of the Moon as having to do with the dead or afterlife(also among Saxons, Baltic peoples, Slavs, in the Vedas). Or is it to remind the proud of constant change?

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Romans wanting to display their high lineage wore crescents on their shoes. Plutarch mentions here the very old idea of the Moon as having to do with the dead or afterlife(also among Saxons, Baltic peoples, Slavs, in the Vedas). Or is it to remind the proud of constant change? https://t.co/DnUuTYahjb
: Politicians running for office in the old days had to wear only the toga, no tunic beneath(exposing more skin). Plutarch speculates that this was so they could not smuggle bribe money in their tunic folds. That is a funny image, politicians with stuffed tunics handing out coins.

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Politicians running for office in the old days had to wear only the toga, no tunic beneath(exposing more skin). Plutarch speculates that this was so they could not smuggle bribe money in their tunic folds. That is a funny image, politicians with stuffed tunics handing out coins. https://t.co/UMPd4ZFI9k
: Beans are unholy. At least, as far as some notions of purity go. Beans were associated with rites for the dead, probably because they were considered "chthonic", more so than other crops. Potatoes might be another good example today.

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Beans are unholy. At least, as far as some notions of purity go. Beans were associated with rites for the dead, probably because they were considered "chthonic", more so than other crops. Potatoes might be another good example today. https://t.co/Q5gVyAI5sl
: They, along with other Latin peoples, revered the woodpecker as sacred. They could not be harmed or eaten. The bird was associated with Mars, and said to have fed Romulus. And I can confirm that woodpeckers are very brave.

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Some obscure Roman customs. From Plutarch(who was a Greek, and found some of these peculiar). First one, Roman women kissed their male relations as a common form of greeting. People in general were kissing each other a lot.

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Some obscure Roman customs. From Plutarch(who was a Greek, and found some of these peculiar). First one, Roman women kissed their male relations as a common form of greeting. People in general were kissing each other a lot. https://t.co/DU3DLaOBl9
: Romans commonly wouldn't put a lamp out. They'd let it burn out on its own. This likely had an origin in some taboo around fire, but Plutarch didn't know why they did it. Nor likely did anyone else, custom is "how things are done" and rarely needs much thought.

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Venus and Anchises, by William Richmond. Anchises was the father of Aeneas, the Trojan prince who led the refugees and was said(even by Homer) to be destined to rebuild Troy.

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This type of burial(mound with stone chamber, or just a mound) is found in a certain country. Some of them have a unique shape. Mounds were made up to the 6th or 7th century here.

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In the Adonis myth, it seems Ishtar and Ereshkigal became Aphrodite and Persephone. Adonis being the equivalent of Dumuzi/Tammuz. The setting was made Thrace. The cult came into Greece in the Classical period and it became part of the festival schedule of the year to mourn Adonis https://t.co/BUIhr7sMRk
: Another interesting fact. There is a cave in Israel near Bethlehem where Jesus was said to be born by early Christians(several attest Jesus born in a cave, as do some early scriptures). This cave where they later built a Nativity Church was an old cult site of Adonis/Dumuzi.

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Another interesting fact. There is a cave in Israel near Bethlehem where Jesus was said to be born by early Christians(several attest Jesus born in a cave, as do some early scriptures). This cave where they later built a Nativity Church was an old cult site of Adonis/Dumuzi. https://t.co/Xhqa5xHx2L
: Justin tried to say Mithras being born in a cave was "stolen" by the Mithraists from Christians. And Christians just so happened to decide that Jesus was born in a cave where the local Adonis/Tammuz cult celebrated their god's birth.

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The Greek cult of Adonis(related to adonai, meaning lord) is another version of this. Dumuzi, Adonis, and Attis were considered variants of the same god by most in antiquity, and for good reason. Other local figures of similar sorts were also given this treatment, like Iasion. https://t.co/0LkY6cqUPi
: In the Adonis myth, it seems Ishtar and Ereshkigal became Aphrodite and Persephone. Adonis being the equivalent of Dumuzi/Tammuz. The setting was made Thrace. The cult came into Greece in the Classical period and it became part of the festival schedule of the year to mourn Adonis

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The festival also involved a 9 day diet limiting certain foods and drink(no grains, wine, pork, or fruits). Followers would also whip themselves bloody like flagellants in honor of Attis. If you know anything about Easter celebrations, that may sound familiar. https://t.co/qE3J3JUfaG
: March 25 was the vernal equinox in the Julian calendar, by the way. This is important for its connection to other celebrations. Aside from Christian parallels, it has parallels going back to ancient Mesopotamia(a likely source for this cult) in Inanna and Dumuzi.

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March 25 was the vernal equinox in the Julian calendar, by the way. This is important for its connection to other celebrations. Aside from Christian parallels, it has parallels going back to ancient Mesopotamia(a likely source for this cult) in Inanna and Dumuzi. https://t.co/MSDQzBFzr8
: You see a similar story. Dumuzi is taken to the underworld while beneath a tree. The Babylonian Akitu festival (same time range in March) celebrated the start of the year with the equinox and the return of Ishtar(Inanna) from the underworld.

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You see a similar story. Dumuzi is taken to the underworld while beneath a tree. The Babylonian Akitu festival (same time range in March) celebrated the start of the year with the equinox and the return of Ishtar(Inanna) from the underworld. https://t.co/xQXMkSyVzD
: The Greek cult of Adonis(related to adonai, meaning lord) is another version of this. Dumuzi, Adonis, and Attis were considered variants of the same god by most in antiquity, and for good reason. Other local figures of similar sorts were also given this treatment, like Iasion.

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Part of the festival observance in Rome involved fastening his image on a tree or a piece of wood on his death day(Attis in Hades0. It would later be buried. It would be exhumed and carried to the temple of Cybele in triumph on his day of resurrection(March 25) https://t.co/WHX0su7xGr
: The festival also involved a 9 day diet limiting certain foods and drink(no grains, wine, pork, or fruits). Followers would also whip themselves bloody like flagellants in honor of Attis. If you know anything about Easter celebrations, that may sound familiar.

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Another difference was the begging for alms. Roman priests certainly did not do that, and they were also obliged to marry. The Galli were allowed to beg for alms in Rome, but only during Cybele's festival of Megalesia(the anniversary of the institution of their cult in Rome). https://t.co/3WrAiwcHtj
: Another interesting parallel. The god Attis in the cult was considered a savior who, through mysteries, saved followers that had been sacramentally connected to him. He died, and after 3 days rose from the dead. This was reenacted from 22-25 March of the Julian calendar.

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Another interesting parallel. The god Attis in the cult was considered a savior who, through mysteries, saved followers that had been sacramentally connected to him. He died, and after 3 days rose from the dead. This was reenacted from 22-25 March of the Julian calendar. https://t.co/YaF9EAFwY5
: Part of the festival observance in Rome involved fastening his image on a tree or a piece of wood on his death day(Attis in Hades0. It would later be buried. It would be exhumed and carried to the temple of Cybele in triumph on his day of resurrection(March 25)

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This may seem like a strange attitude. The Roman Republic adopted this cult during the 2nd Punic War, after consulting their Sibylline Books and the Delphic Oracle. It was to avert disaster from bad portents and to ensure a Roman victory. Even if they did not like the religion. https://t.co/I3E1SybdpK
: Roman religion was a rather serious affair. Not a lot of drama, few or no night time ceremonies or ecstatic revels. Not very mythological. The Cybele cult was ecstatic and involved all these things. Followers whipped themselves into a frenzy like dervishes, dancing with blades.

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Roman religion was a rather serious affair. Not a lot of drama, few or no night time ceremonies or ecstatic revels. Not very mythological. The Cybele cult was ecstatic and involved all these things. Followers whipped themselves into a frenzy like dervishes, dancing with blades. https://t.co/KVl8k844KT
: Another difference was the begging for alms. Roman priests certainly did not do that, and they were also obliged to marry. The Galli were allowed to beg for alms in Rome, but only during Cybele's festival of Megalesia(the anniversary of the institution of their cult in Rome).

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Romans could not become eunuch priests, as the law forbade them(until the later empire anyway). The processions and activities of worship were carried out by foreign priests, with limited involvement by Romans. https://t.co/FR1qe2BgD0
: This may seem like a strange attitude. The Roman Republic adopted this cult during the 2nd Punic War, after consulting their Sibylline Books and the Delphic Oracle. It was to avert disaster from bad portents and to ensure a Roman victory. Even if they did not like the religion.

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The form that spread in the Classical period originated in Phrygia, an Anatolian state. It centered on the worship of the Great Mother Cybele, and her consort or son Attis a god-man who died and rose again. It was well known for having a priesthood of eunuchs that begged for alms https://t.co/vGLYVibWdi
: This is a castration clamp used by this cult. Romans called the priests of Cybele "Galli". Certain aspects of this cult were difficult for the Romans to accept, as it went against their religious and social mores. Including the whole "eunuch priesthood" thing. And effeminacy.

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This is a castration clamp used by this cult. Romans called the priests of Cybele "Galli". Certain aspects of this cult were difficult for the Romans to accept, as it went against their religious and social mores. Including the whole "eunuch priesthood" thing. And effeminacy. https://t.co/4ksHTtQlHp
: Romans could not become eunuch priests, as the law forbade them(until the later empire anyway). The processions and activities of worship were carried out by foreign priests, with limited involvement by Romans.

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I have mentioned Christian promotion of making oneself a eunuch(Matthew 19:12 several times. But I think it would be remiss if I did not mention a prominent pagan cult with some interesting Christian parallels. I mean the cult of Cybele and Attis.

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I have mentioned Christian promotion of making oneself a eunuch(Matthew 19:12 several times. But I think it would be remiss if I did not mention a prominent pagan cult with some interesting Christian parallels. I mean the cult of Cybele and Attis. https://t.co/cP6rmfkR0X
: The form that spread in the Classical period originated in Phrygia, an Anatolian state. It centered on the worship of the Great Mother Cybele, and her consort or son Attis a god-man who died and rose again. It was well known for having a priesthood of eunuchs that begged for alms

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A reference to this bit of trivia, from Plutarch. Rome's protector god did not have a name that was public, it was a secret known to few or none. What Tacitus is asking/speculating about is the evocatio rite. If the name was secret, no one else could do it to the Romans.

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Frösö(Freyr's Island) Church's bell tower and a mound in historic Jämtland, Sweden. Why I am posting it is because the church was built near(and likely on top of) ancient burial mounds and an important regional cult site. https://t.co/4mzOFkwYEZ https://t.co/0BxbgdD2RS
: Below the church the remains of an old birch tree was found(cut down late 11th or into the 12th century), and many animal bones. What makes it unique is that many bear bones were found. Most of the bones were jaw bones(most from pigs), ritual deposits after sacrificial feasts.

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Frösö(Freyr's Island) Church's bell tower and a mound in historic Jämtland, Sweden. Why I am posting it is because the church was built near(and likely on top of) ancient burial mounds and an important regional cult site. http://www.arkeologiskasamfundet.se/csa/Dokument/Volumes/csa_vol_18_2010/csa_vol_18_2010_s223-250_magnell_iregren.pdf

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@GraniRau: Tertullian provides an example. He was a supporter of Montanus, Priscilla, and Maximilla. Tertullian accused the "proto-Catholic" church he used to be a bishop in of incest(the word love here is "agape", referring to the Christian love feast). Context is an argument over fasting.

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@GraniRau: Occasionally, ancient writers did write questionable things. This is from Strabo. He even admitted that he had no basis for this, but people sometimes ignore that part.

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According to the Egyptian scholar and grammarian Apion, the Jews used to sacrifice and eat a foreigner every year, preferably Greek. At the time this describes, they were fighting the Greeks. This was part of a ceremonial swearing of hostility.

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A story about Theseus. They either mistook him for a girl at first, or they were jeering at him to piss him off. That was a bad idea, when demigods were around.

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A story about Theseus. They either mistook him for a girl at first, or they were jeering at him to piss him off. That was a bad idea, when demigods were around. https://t.co/uaiO0oQyBD
: In Homer, the Achaeans are called "long haired" frequently. This late Archaic period statue of a young man gives an image of what this meant, and of the hairstyle of Theseus.

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This is from when Odysseus washes up in Phaeacia, naked and destitute. He encounters Nausicaa and her handmaidens playing with a ball and begs for help. Nausicaa does so, but makes sure not to come back to town walking with him, as it would start rumors and compromise her modesty

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This is from when Odysseus washes up in Phaeacia, naked and destitute. He encounters Nausicaa and her handmaidens playing with a ball and begs for help. Nausicaa does so, but makes sure not to come back to town walking with him, as it would start rumors and compromise her modesty https://t.co/dH3WaXZ6vq
: This is part of the entreaty of Odysseus to Nausicaa. At this point, he washed up naked clinging to a bit of wood. He has nothing left, all his companions are dead. He is feeling his age, beaten down, and hasn't seen his family in nearly 20 years.

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This is part of the entreaty of Odysseus to Nausicaa. At this point, he washed up naked clinging to a bit of wood. He has nothing left, all his companions are dead. He is feeling his age, beaten down, and hasn't seen his family in nearly 20 years. https://t.co/J8c8kPGLOh
: Nausicaa repeats a common theme in Homer; that good and bad fortune are both due to the will of Zeus. She alone was not frightened by Odysseus' appearance. Nausicaa gives hospitality to Odysseus, because that is one the the spheres that Zeus rules over.

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Nausicaa repeats a common theme in Homer; that good and bad fortune are both due to the will of Zeus. She alone was not frightened by Odysseus' appearance. Nausicaa gives hospitality to Odysseus, because that is one the the spheres that Zeus rules over. https://t.co/lHNPy3NDeE
: I posted this as a good example of some virtues, particularly because they are from a girl in Homeric Greece. Sagacity, courage, modesty, and piety. Nausicaa is also a cool name(ship burner). Though it is Greek, I think it is a good name for a daughter. Seems out of use today.

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@GraniRau: What I think of as degeneracy is a bit different. For one, the following is something I consider degenerate. It would have horrified even the Jews, who excluded eunuchs from civic and religious status. The teaching of Jesus to make yourself a eunuch from Matthew 19.

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@Wudugast2 The snake on a pole is a symbol of Jesus to Christians. Has been since early on, there are numerous examples in art and writing. Christians are ignorant that they have done more to build the current order than anyone else. I see Abrahamic and Masonic symbolism up there.

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For another example, this is what Hesiod said about marriage. Hesiod would have lived before Rome was much, it was likely founded or new in his time.

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The Flamen Dialis is a good example of this. He had to be married in this way(confarreatio was an elaborate ceremony) and he had to have a wife with a lineage of sacred marriages. He could not divorce or remarry, if his wife died he had to resign the high priesthood. https://t.co/GBcjXPPzoc
: The case of Vestal Virgins is an interesting one. They had to be celibate for 30 years, and typically became priestesses at a very young age(5 or 6). At the end of their tenure, they could have marriages arranged for them. Marrying a former Vestal was considered a great honor.

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It was also possible to contract a marriage via payment of a bride-price and a contract in front of witnesses. If they were already married, but with the woman still under her father's power, this could still be done. The bride price transferred rights to the husband in that case https://t.co/mzkGT8ePk5
: The patrician and priestly type of marriage was confarreatio. It was at first impossible to divorce under this type of marriage, but later in rare cases it was possible. The most ancient priesthoods required the priests to be born from this type, and priests had to marry this way

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The patrician and priestly type of marriage was confarreatio. It was at first impossible to divorce under this type of marriage, but later in rare cases it was possible. The most ancient priesthoods required the priests to be born from this type, and priests had to marry this way https://t.co/jlBiB3ogZL
: This type of marriage was the elite form of marriage, but late Republic marriages even among patricians became less formal, and this sacred form of marriage was almost exclusively for priestly lines, members of the ancient priesthoods(including Vestals, Jupiter, Quirinius, Mars)

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This type of marriage was the elite form of marriage, but late Republic marriages even among patricians became less formal, and this sacred form of marriage was almost exclusively for priestly lines, members of the ancient priesthoods(including Vestals, Jupiter, Quirinius, Mars) https://t.co/5gXWwaIpFt
: The Flamen Dialis is a good example of this. He had to be married in this way(confarreatio was an elaborate ceremony) and he had to have a wife with a lineage of sacred marriages. He could not divorce or remarry, if his wife died he had to resign the high priesthood.

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Concubinage was permissible in Roman law. A concubine was a woman(usually of lower social status) a man cohabited and had sex with, but without a legal marriage. They had little to no legal standing, unlike a wife did. Nor were they under the man's formal authority. https://t.co/2KdFOLb5iv
: Usus marriage was similar to a common law marriage. If a man and a woman cohabited for a year, they were legally considered married and the woman came to be legally under her husband's power. No ceremony or contract. This was the commoner's way of marriage.

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Usus marriage was similar to a common law marriage. If a man and a woman cohabited for a year, they were legally considered married and the woman came to be legally under her husband's power. No ceremony or contract. This was the commoner's way of marriage. https://t.co/cwWgZSeiOb
: It was also possible to contract a marriage via payment of a bride-price and a contract in front of witnesses. If they were already married, but with the woman still under her father's power, this could still be done. The bride price transferred rights to the husband in that case

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It was legally permissible for a husband to kill an adulterous wife if he caught them in the act. Or for a father to kill an adulterous married daughter(Augustus included this in his marriage legislation). It was also REQUIRED for a husband to divorce an adulterous wife. https://t.co/hB3Ly9zOrF
: Adultery meant infringing on marriage. Not sex between unmarried people, or something similar. That was a different matter. Sex with a prostitute or concubine, for example, was not adultery. Nor with an unmarried woman, though that could still cause a problem.

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Adultery meant infringing on marriage. Not sex between unmarried people, or something similar. That was a different matter. Sex with a prostitute or concubine, for example, was not adultery. Nor with an unmarried woman, though that could still cause a problem. https://t.co/O3ihCYGtHS
: Concubinage was permissible in Roman law. A concubine was a woman(usually of lower social status) a man cohabited and had sex with, but without a legal marriage. They had little to no legal standing, unlike a wife did. Nor were they under the man's formal authority.

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Marriage was outside of one's lineage. Marriages to cousins were not typical earlier on, in other words. Different from things in Greece. This changed a bit in the imperial period. But Plutarch lived in the middle of that, and still attests to this norm. https://t.co/mTCPtqKNyt
: A woman when married passed from the manus(hand) of her father to legally be under her husband's power. In the later Republic it was possible(and common) to contract marriages where the woman remained under her father's authority. This went in hand with making divorce easier.

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A woman when married passed from the manus(hand) of her father to legally be under her husband's power. In the later Republic it was possible(and common) to contract marriages where the woman remained under her father's authority. This went in hand with making divorce easier. https://t.co/FiE9wZK89V
: It was legally permissible for a husband to kill an adulterous wife if he caught them in the act. Or for a father to kill an adulterous married daughter(Augustus included this in his marriage legislation). It was also REQUIRED for a husband to divorce an adulterous wife.

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First thing to note. Patria Potestas. Power of the father in early Roman law. The patriarch of a family had great power over all that were his. His wife, his children, his dependents, and slaves. In the most archaic form, this included great power over even adult children. https://t.co/yUnsFfLCfo
: In Roman law, marriageable age was 12. Same for informal relationships. Betrothals could be done by the parents well before that. Marriage tended to be within one's own class, early on this was required. There were consequences for marrying the infamous(like actors or prostitutes

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In Roman law, marriageable age was 12. Same for informal relationships. Betrothals could be done by the parents well before that. Marriage tended to be within one's own class, early on this was required. There were consequences for marrying the infamous(like actors or prostitutes https://t.co/rU6uYdcgiK
: Marriage was outside of one's lineage. Marriages to cousins were not typical earlier on, in other words. Different from things in Greece. This changed a bit in the imperial period. But Plutarch lived in the middle of that, and still attests to this norm.

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Roman Marriage and Patriarchy Roman customs in these matters are interesting and instructive. Most seem to be ignorant of them, certainly they are not emphasized in the popular depictions of Rome. I have interspersed this with excerpts from Plutarch about Roman marriage customs.

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Roman Marriage and Patriarchy Roman customs in these matters are interesting and instructive. Most seem to be ignorant of them, certainly they are not emphasized in the popular depictions of Rome. I have interspersed this with excerpts from Plutarch about Roman marriage customs. https://t.co/sh9vOCZyPC
: First thing to note. Patria Potestas. Power of the father in early Roman law. The patriarch of a family had great power over all that were his. His wife, his children, his dependents, and slaves. In the most archaic form, this included great power over even adult children.

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Making an offering of grain to Ceres.

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David's concubines were made to have public sex with his son Absalom, it was part of the David's punishment from Yahweh that this would happen. David later responds by confining the concubines for life. https://t.co/qm5Fpc1EDv
: Abraham and Jacob both had concubines, of their own and given by their wives. The Levite from Judges 19 sent out his concubine to be raped and killed, and comes out in the morning, telling her to get a move on. Then finds she is dead. Not much concern there.

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@GraniRau: These are posts from this site, in response to someone criticizing Biblical mass killings and baby slaughter. I think they help make my point. If my intent is not clear enough, think about this, and then think about how Christians often paint the Greeks and Romans.

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Here, the Bible says that you may sell your daughter into slavery and concubinage. Consent(nominal anyway) to a marriage is mentioned quite a bit in canon law. However, that is an addition from later times and Roman law. Consent or permission is not required in the Bible. https://t.co/ugPmKEgeTL
: Rape as such is not a big deal in the Bible for the reasons people think of today. It is an offense against a father or betrothed, and only merits severe punishment in the case of a married or betrothed female. Otherwise, it would be a way to force a marriage.

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Rape as such is not a big deal in the Bible for the reasons people think of today. It is an offense against a father or betrothed, and only merits severe punishment in the case of a married or betrothed female. Otherwise, it would be a way to force a marriage. https://t.co/PEzRk8M37e
: David's concubines were made to have public sex with his son Absalom, it was part of the David's punishment from Yahweh that this would happen. David later responds by confining the concubines for life.

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We see here the Biblical laws on taking captured women as wives or concubines. Not unusual in the ancient world, or in the middle ages for that matter. https://t.co/xxUpc7E4RH
: We see here in the Life of Boniface that Christians took captives from the pagan Frisians, much like in the Biblical laws. This action was glorious, since it was done by Christians. Nothing like those barbarians over in that other direction.

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We see here in the Life of Boniface that Christians took captives from the pagan Frisians, much like in the Biblical laws. This action was glorious, since it was done by Christians. Nothing like those barbarians over in that other direction. https://t.co/M6jvEdgd8b
: Here, the Bible says that you may sell your daughter into slavery and concubinage. Consent(nominal anyway) to a marriage is mentioned quite a bit in canon law. However, that is an addition from later times and Roman law. Consent or permission is not required in the Bible.

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Here is another example. The only problem with this was that a marriage was already contracted with her older sister. And these canon law codes were strict(in theory) about enforcing who could marry who. Marriage barred possible marriage with any relatives of the spouse. https://t.co/9xZ996vxwY
: Contrary to what they will tell you, the Torah was used as a source for canon law. Though it was mitigated by local custom and often old Roman law as well. It would be strange that a group supposedly having nothing to do with the thing would cite the Torah all the time.

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Contrary to what they will tell you, the Torah was used as a source for canon law. Though it was mitigated by local custom and often old Roman law as well. It would be strange that a group supposedly having nothing to do with the thing would cite the Torah all the time. https://t.co/ASxweXnpek
: This here is "why incest and other forbidden marriages were acceptable in the Bible, but not now." It reminds me very much of rabbinical writings, in particular the argument about how expanding connections and roles. These same people complained about Zeus and Hera marrying.

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This here is "why incest and other forbidden marriages were acceptable in the Bible, but not now." It reminds me very much of rabbinical writings, in particular the argument about how expanding connections and roles. These same people complained about Zeus and Hera marrying. https://t.co/rP8t4rasgQ
: We see here the Biblical laws on taking captured women as wives or concubines. Not unusual in the ancient world, or in the middle ages for that matter.

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Here is a link to a canon law(church rules) collection on the topic of marriage. It also says that improper or excessive(too much or too enjoyable) sex with one's own wife is also sinful. Just to underline the priorities and type of thinking here. https://t.co/u9Rwu2Ylqt https://t.co/30nYmhzfOY
: Here is another example. The only problem with this was that a marriage was already contracted with her older sister. And these canon law codes were strict(in theory) about enforcing who could marry who. Marriage barred possible marriage with any relatives of the spouse.

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@GraniRau: Here are some samples from good old canon law to make the point. The mores then would have been about as alien as those of the ancient world often are today. Many will tend to treat the Romans(for example) like foreigners, as opposed to these medieval Christians.

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Here are some samples from good old canon law to make the point. The mores then would have been about as alien as those of the ancient world often are today. Many will tend to treat the Romans(for example) like foreigners, as opposed to these medieval Christians. https://t.co/QcwCUivX5D
: Here is a link to a canon law(church rules) collection on the topic of marriage. It also says that improper or excessive(too much or too enjoyable) sex with one's own wife is also sinful. Just to underline the priorities and type of thinking here. http://legalhistorysources.com/Canon%20Law/MARRIAGELAW.htm

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Biblical Marital and Sexual Mores We all see things on Greece and Rome all the time. The pop history version(from Christians and Hollywood) would have you think that non-Jewish/Christian society was a big free-love clusterfuck. I am tired of seeing this ignorance.

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Biblical Marital and Sexual Mores We all see things on Greece and Rome all the time. The pop history version(from Christians and Hollywood) would have you think that non-Jewish/Christian society was a big free-love clusterfuck. I am tired of seeing this ignorance. https://t.co/LvF2Iyfc1z
: So to shine a light on the issue, I figured why not go over the Biblical and historical Christian mores, just a bit. Many people mistake modern Western mores for being "traditional" or "Christian". This is not the case. The mores of even the 19th century would shock many today.

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@GraniRau: I took this section as a sample. This is really interesting. They don't often emphasize things like this in popular media, or even history classes.

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An important message: Never pour a libation of sparkling wine to Zeus after dawn with unwashen hands, nor to others of the deathless gods; else they do not hear your prayers but spit them back. - Hesiod, Works and Days

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An important message: Never pour a libation of sparkling wine to Zeus after dawn with unwashen hands, nor to others of the deathless gods; else they do not hear your prayers but spit them back. - Hesiod, Works and Days https://t.co/7EtWNJ4PDX
: I dare not make a drink-offering to Zeus with unwashed hands; one who is bespattered with blood and filth may not pray to the son of Kronos. - From the Iliad, Hector speaking

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ᚺᚱᛟᚱᚾᚨᚱ ᚦᛟᛚᛚ ᛊᚢ ᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᛖᚾᛞᚱ ᚦᛟᚱᛈᛁ ᚨ ᚺᛚᚢᚱ ᚨᛏ ᚺᛖᚾᚾᛁ ᛒᛟᚱᚲᚱ ᚾᛖ ᛒᚨᚱᚱ ᛊᚢᚨ ᛖᚱ ᛗᚨᚦᚱ ᛊᚨ ᛖᚱ ᛗᚨᚾᛜᛁ ᚨᚾᚾ ᚺᚢᚨᛏ ᛊᚲᚨᛚ ᚺᚨᚾᚾ ᛚᛖᛜᛁ ᛚᛁᚠᚨ This is stanza 50 of Havamol.

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@vanirsol Wands have been found with burials of certain women. There are some very interesting things about some of these burials. One had some kind of medicine chest, and a pouch of henbane seeds. Here is another example pictured, I did a post a while back.

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Night covers the eyes Cruel bronze steals away life Breath flees to its source I decided to make a Homeric death poem. The painting is by Antoine Wiertz, a scene from the Iliad where the Trojans and Achaeans fight over the body of Patroclus.

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Hearth stone found at Snaptun, Denmark. 11th century. Thought to depict Loki, because of the stitched mouth. This would be a reference to when dwarfs sewed his mouth shut for his trickery.

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ᚺᚢᛁ ᛊᛁᛏᛁᚦ ᛖᚱ ᚺᚢᛁ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᚦ ᛚᛁᚠᛁ ᚺᚢᛁ ᛏᚱᛖᚷᚱ ᚨᛏ ᚢᚲᚲᚱ ᛏᛖᛁᛏᛁ ᚨᛏ ᛗᛇᛚᚨ ᛖᚱ ᛃᛟᚱᛗᚢᚾᚱᛖᚲᚲᚱ ᚢᚦᚱᚨ ᛊᚢᛊᛏᚢᚱ ᚢᛜᚨ ᚨᛏ ᚨᛚᛞᚱᛁ ᛃᛟᛗ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛞᛁ ᚢᚱᚦᚢᚨ ᛁᛏ ᚷᛚᛁᚲᛁᚱ ᚦᛖᛁᛗ ᚷᚢᚾᚾᚨᚱᛁ

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ᚺᚢᛁ ᛊᛁᛏᛁᚦ ᛖᚱ ᚺᚢᛁ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᚦ ᛚᛁᚠᛁ ᚺᚢᛁ ᛏᚱᛖᚷᚱ ᚨᛏ ᚢᚲᚲᚱ ᛏᛖᛁᛏᛁ ᚨᛏ ᛗᛇᛚᚨ ᛖᚱ ᛃᛟᚱᛗᚢᚾᚱᛖᚲᚲᚱ ᚢᚦᚱᚨ ᛊᚢᛊᛏᚢᚱ ᚢᛜᚨ ᚨᛏ ᚨᛚᛞᚱᛁ ᛃᛟᛗ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛞᛁ ᚢᚱᚦᚢᚨ ᛁᛏ ᚷᛚᛁᚲᛁᚱ ᚦᛖᛁᛗ ᚷᚢᚾᚾᚨᚱᛁ https://t.co/DmgeCKrvBJ
: ᚾᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚺᛖᛚᛞᚱ ᚺᚢᚷᚦᛁᚱ ᛊᛖᛗ ᚢᚨᚱ ᚺᛟᚷᚾᛁ ᚺᛖᚾᚾᚨᚱ ᛗᚢᚾᛞᚢᚦ ᛁᛏ ᚺᛖᚠᚾᚨ ᛚᛖᛁᛏᚨ ᛖᚠ ᛗᛟᚦ ᛇᛏᛏᛁᚦ ᛗᛁᚾᚾᚨ ᛒᚱᛇᚦᚱᚨ ᛖᚦᚨ ᚺᚨᚱᚦᚨᚾ ᚺᚢᚷ ᚺᚢᚾᚲᛟᚾᚢᛜᚨ ᛚᛁᚠᛁᚦ ᛖᛁᚾᛁᚱ ᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᛏᛏᚨ ᛇᛏᛏᚨᚱ ᛗᛁᚾᚾᚨᚱ

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ᚾᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚺᛖᛚᛞᚱ ᚺᚢᚷᚦᛁᚱ ᛊᛖᛗ ᚢᚨᚱ ᚺᛟᚷᚾᛁ ᚺᛖᚾᚾᚨᚱ ᛗᚢᚾᛞᚢᚦ ᛁᛏ ᚺᛖᚠᚾᚨ ᛚᛖᛁᛏᚨ ᛖᚠ ᛗᛟᚦ ᛇᛏᛏᛁᚦ ᛗᛁᚾᚾᚨ ᛒᚱᛇᚦᚱᚨ ᛖᚦᚨ ᚺᚨᚱᚦᚨᚾ ᚺᚢᚷ ᚺᚢᚾᚲᛟᚾᚢᛜᚨ ᛚᛁᚠᛁᚦ ᛖᛁᚾᛁᚱ ᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᛏᛏᚨ ᛇᛏᛏᚨᚱ ᛗᛁᚾᚾᚨᚱ https://t.co/7vO3hHwnxy
: ᛖᛁᚾᛊᛏᛇᚦ ᛖᛗ ᛖᚲ ᛟᚱᚦᛁᚾ ᛊᛖᛗ ᛟᛊᛈ ᛁ ᚺᛟᛚᛏᛁ ᚠᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾ ᚨᛏ ᚠᚱᛇᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛊᛖᛗ ᚠᚢᚱᚨ ᚨᛏ ᚲᚢᛁᛊᛏᛁ ᚢᚨᚦᛁᚾ ᚨᛏ ᚢᛁᛚᛃᚨ ᛊᛖᛗ ᚢᛁᚦᚱ ᚨᛏ ᛚᚨᚢᚠᛁ ᚦᚨ ᛖᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚲᚢᛁᛊᛏᛊᚲᛇᚦᚨ ᚲᛖᛗᚱ ᚢᛗ ᛞᚨᚷ ᚢᚨᚱᛗᚨᚾ

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A brooch found at Hedeby. Probably 10th century, the height of the settlement's flourishing. There is a mounted warrior, no one disputes this. Is that a bird of some sort? Most seem to say that it is a woman greeting him, like on many other depictions(including picture stones).

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Thor's hammer found in England. 10-11th century. In the Norwich Castle Museum now. Gold filigree ornamentation.

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ᛖᚲ ᛞᚱᚨᛈ ᚦᛃᚨᛉᚨ ᛁᚾᚾ ᚦᚱᚢᚦᛗᛟᚦᚷᚨ ᛃᛟᛏᚢᚾ ᚢᛈᛈ ᛖᚲ ᚢᚨᚱᛈ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛗ ᚨᛚᚢᚨᛚᛞᚨ ᛊᛟᚾᚨᚱ ᚨ ᚦᚨᚾᚾ ᛁᚾᚾ ᚺᛖᛁᚦᚨ ᚺᛁᛗᛁᚾ ᚦᚨᚢ ᛖᚱᚢ ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁ ᛗᛖᛊᛏ ᛗᛁᚾᚾᚨ ᚢᛖᚱᚲᚨ ᚦᚨᚢ ᛖᚱ ᚨᛚᛚᛁᚱ ᛗᛖᚾᚾ ᛊᛁᚦᚨᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛖᚨ

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ᛗᛖᛃ ᚢᛖᛁᛏ ᛖᚲ Hᛖᛁᚦᚱᛖᚲᛊ ᛊᚢᛊᛏᚢᚱ ᚦᛁᚾᚨ ᛊᚢᛁᚷᚾᚨ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛃᚨᚱᚦᚨᚱ ᚺᚨᚠᚨ Hᚢᚾᚨᚱ ᚺᚨᚾᚨ ᚠᛖᛚᛚᛞᚨ ᛟᚲ ᛗᚨᚱᚷᚨ ᚨᚦᚱᚨ ᚢᚦᚱᚨ ᚦᛖᚷᚾᚨ ᛟᛒᚱᛟᚦᚢᚱᛚᛁᚷᚨ ᚢᚨᚱᛏᚢ ᛚᛖᛁᚲᛁᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚷᛇᛏᚨ ᛊᚢᛊᛏᛁᚱ

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Isis with baby Horus. Much older than the Roman example. Not sure if Middle Kingdom or Late Period.

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Late Classical period vase, found in Italy and likely of Etruscan origin. A man playing a flute and riding a dolphin. Similar to the story of Arion(likely meant to be him), except he was supposed to have played a lyre, not a flute. This is further proof of ancient dolphin riding.

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Isis with baby Harpocrates(Horus, also known as Shed/savior). Roman imperial period.

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@PauperPeter @Paganus6 This is from Cicero's De Natura Deorum. What do you think of this sort of stance?

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This is a passage from Augustine, City of God. If you look closely, you will see the pattern of that meme going around. You know, where the smug liberal/atheist dismisses some silly belief, only to reveal their hypocrisy when they show that they uncritically believe things too. https://t.co/1AeOMDjoaA
: There was a myth about Herakles being swallowed by a sea monster for 3 days , but after 3 days he killed it and got out. He lost his hair, though. Some think this follows a solar myth pattern(Herakles generally does), I am inclined to agree. This literally happened, by the way.

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This is a passage from Augustine, City of God. If you look closely, you will see the pattern of that meme going around. You know, where the smug liberal/atheist dismisses some silly belief, only to reveal their hypocrisy when they show that they uncritically believe things too.

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ᛞᚱᚨᚷ ᚦᚢ ᛗᛖᚱ ᚨᚠ ᚺᛖᚾᛞᛁ ᚺᚱᛁᚾᚷ ᛁᚾ ᚱᚨᚢᚦᚨ ᚠᛇᚦᚢ ᛁᚾᚾᛁ ᚢᚾᚷᚢ ᛁᚾᚷᛁᛒᛃᛟᚱᚷᚢ ᛊᚨ ᛗᚢᚾ ᚺᛖᚾᚾᛁ ᚺᚢᚷᚠᚨᛊᛏᚱ ᛏᚱᛖᚷᛁ ᛖᚱ ᛖᚲ ᛖᛁᚷᛁ ᚲᛟᛗ ᛏᛁᛚ ᚢᛈᛈᛊᚨᛚᚨ

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@GraniRau: An old rite in China involved making a mound of earth, and planting a tree there. The ground was consecrated, and the tree was called "master of the field" after the Earth god. Like a local land god, or a receptacle of the Earth god's power.

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@GraniRau: In Shinto, the object of reverence of a shrine is called 御神体(goshintai), meaning the body of the god. It varies, some old relic, or even a natural feature. There is a rite that asks the god to put some of its spirit in a place or object. That is what makes it sacred.

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Violence committed by Christians underlines the hollowness of their doctrines. "Resist not" should be their response. Instead, they act like infidels and heathens. Because they know that fully embracing the New Testament in this matter would be suicidal for any group of people. https://t.co/B1LvsBtJta
: Same with things like family. "Let the dead bury their dead" and "he who leaves behind family will be rewarded" and "hate your mother and father, even yourself, to be a disciple" should be what they do. Instead, nature has won out. Because they know that attitude is suicidal.

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@GraniRau: People act like Christian persecution ended after Diocletian, but really it got worse. Christians were continuously persecuted by other Christians from Constantine onward. Only the evil pagan Julian brought them some relief. Christians wiped out many early churches and sects.

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@GraniRau: Violence committed by Christians underlines the hollowness of their doctrines. "Resist not" should be their response. Instead, they act like infidels and heathens. Because they know that fully embracing the New Testament in this matter would be suicidal for any group of people.

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@GraniRau: They ended up having to take the place of the evil Caesar. They could not criticize him from afar anymore. You go from Christian writers telling Christians not to join the army, or participate in public life, to Christian writers saying that "Christ is at the head of the legions"

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@GraniRau: If you want to bother Christians about their violence, the correct approach is to point out their hypocrisy. Christians are supposed to "turn the other cheek". They are supposed to be eunuchs and beggars. Not powerful institutions, not wealthy, and certainly not conquerors.

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@GraniRau: Other people's gods were real, and had power. Often they were considered just variant forms of your own gods. That said, not everything was accepted, particularly when cultures mixed and clashed. The Greeks could not really understand the Egyptian worship of gods as animal icons.

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Other people's gods were real, and had power. Often they were considered just variant forms of your own gods. That said, not everything was accepted, particularly when cultures mixed and clashed. The Greeks could not really understand the Egyptian worship of gods as animal icons. https://t.co/o301FUbxBO
: To bring things around back to the beginning, Christian violence against pagans is not all that surprising. Their churches were powerful institutions tied to the state. Naturally they would use violence, and lend justification for the violence of the state when required.

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@GraniRau: I don't see why I should back down on this. You will find plenty of Christians writers that argued for the execution of heretics, or modern apologists softening the impact of it by arguing "it made sense back then." Many online tradcaths seem to think burning people is funny

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There isn't a group of people, nation, tribe, religious institution, that is without violence, past and present. What you have was made and sustained by violence, often calculated and directed. The rulers and nobles have always understood this. Pagans didn't whine about reality. https://t.co/UOd2k77AM7
: I don't have the values of a liberal humanist, which are really just Christian values in their purest form. I have said before, Diocletian did nothing wrong. Punishing those who attacked/disrupted traditional cultus, ancestor worship, and the pax deorum was a good thing.

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Memes like this make me think that discourse on both ends is largely that of idiots. That and it is always more convenient to strawman your opposition. I can't argue with that, ruthlessness tends to win, and they want to win.

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@GraniRau: There isn't a group of people, nation, tribe, religious institution, that is without violence, past and present. What you have was made and sustained by violence, often calculated and directed. The rulers and nobles have always understood this. Pagans didn't whine about reality.

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Or this little sword, also found at Hedeby. https://t.co/2QQYlf84Lf
: A sick and fire striker pendant. The sickle was a likely representation of Freyr. There is an example of an amulet from Uppland, Sweden with a hammer, a spear, and a sickle. Likely representing the three major gods of the place, Thor, Odin, and Freyr. http://mis.historiska.se/mis/sok/fid.asp?fid=914271&g=1

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A sick and fire striker pendant. The sickle was a likely representation of Freyr. There is an example of an amulet from Uppland, Sweden with a hammer, a spear, and a sickle. Likely representing the three major gods of the place, Thor, Odin, and Freyr. https://t.co/JrtNnucZXd https://t.co/jAna7S2uID

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: This was a very common amulet pattern, probably one of the most.The pattern was found all around Europe, from Italy to Russia. Found often with women's grave goods. They are called "lunulae", referring to their moon shape. These are Roman and Celtiberian(2200 years old) examples.

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Many types of amulets were around aside from hammers. Here is an anchor amulet, found at Hedeby. Probably 10th century.

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Many types of amulets were around aside from hammers. Here is an anchor amulet, found at Hedeby. Probably 10th century. https://t.co/8ECmsYHlzT
: Or this little sword, also found at Hedeby.

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Remains of a game board with some pieces. Probably 10th century. Found at Hedeby. Currently in the Hedeby Viking Museum. Hnefatafl was a popular board game at this time. Remained popular in some areas for a long time, but mostly got superseded by games from the south, like chess.

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Below is an illustration of a priest or family patriarch consulting the lots on behalf of a couple. This is a reference to a passage from Tacitus. In the pagan view, every event is connected, and coincidences are quite rare. The whole world is full of signs, it talks back to you. https://t.co/aupDih6PxY
: This is a direct quote from Germania, about this. There are references in later medieval literature in Old Norse, and also similar practices known in the Baltic region. It was not much different from what the Greeks and Romans themselves often did.

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Below is an illustration of a priest or family patriarch consulting the lots on behalf of a couple. This is a reference to a passage from Tacitus. In the pagan view, every event is connected, and coincidences are quite rare. The whole world is full of signs, it talks back to you.

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@GraniRau: It is also strange that half-sibling marriage comes up like this. I believe that it was permitted for them to marry at some point if they had different mothers. Being from a different womb meant being "less related" in the old Israelite culture. It is not unheard of, either.

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@GraniRau: And since it happened in Amnon's house in the city, by the law of the Torah, Tamar would have been punished too. If she were betrothed, anyway.

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And since it happened in Amnon's house in the city, by the law of the Torah, Tamar would have been punished too. If she were betrothed, anyway. https://t.co/iuQEAIYqsb
: Aside from these cases, we have Lot having sex with his daughters, and this does not impede his righteous status. The family of Noah must have done similar, given there were only 8 people. Jacob married both of his cousins, because his family did not want him marrying outside.

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Abraham was married to his half-sister Sarah. It is right here in Genesis 20. https://t.co/JtBGmLaQX8
: We see something telling in this story from 2 Samuel 13. Wherein one of David's sons rapes one of David's own daughters. Note, Tamar is identified primarily as the sister of Absalom, because they have the same mother and father. Amnon only shares the same father, David.

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We see something telling in this story from 2 Samuel 13. Wherein one of David's sons rapes one of David's own daughters. Note, Tamar is identified primarily as the sister of Absalom, because they have the same mother and father. Amnon only shares the same father, David. https://t.co/5m4bBiq06w
: Amnon was their half-brother, and I think that they had different mothers is key. What follows here is very important. Tamar tells Amnon to speak to their father David, he will not withhold her from him. In other words, Amnon should properly marry her, not forcibly lay with her.

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Amnon was their half-brother, and I think that they had different mothers is key. What follows here is very important. Tamar tells Amnon to speak to their father David, he will not withhold her from him. In other words, Amnon should properly marry her, not forcibly lay with her. https://t.co/Mb04qYhHCk
: Amnon doesn't listen and forces Tamar. Then he sends her away. And again, we have a clue. Tamar says that Amnon did even greater wrong in sending her away. Amnon has shamed her and will not even marry her, which in that society would severely hurt her status as a woman.

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@GraniRau: Abraham was married to his half-sister Sarah. It is right here in Genesis 20.

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Amber figurine found at Hedeby(formerly in Denmark). It is currently in the Hedeby Viking Museum. What is it? I am not certain. Amber was long believed to have protective properties, it is possible that it was some kind of warding amulet or good luck charm.

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@GraniRau: It must be remembered though, that many pagan observers thought Christianity was a solar cult. Christian writers admitted this too. No doubt the "White Christ" was very much like a solar deity(and healing god) to Germanic peoples exposed to his cult.

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A grave marker found at Niederdollendorf, Königswinter, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 7th century. Found with a burial and some grave goods(jewelry, pottery weapons). It was a traditional burial, in other words. https://t.co/uT0G3u7Sd2
: This side is said by scholars(some at least) to depict Jesus, making this stone early evidence of Christianity in this region. To me, it is an example of how academia to this day shoves Christianity into anything they can get away with.

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A grave marker found at Niederdollendorf, Königswinter, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 7th century. Found with a burial and some grave goods(jewelry, pottery weapons). It was a traditional burial, in other words.

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5th century Roman diptych. Thought to be a memorial to Quintus Aurelius Symmachus(the name Symmachus is up on top). On the bottom part, he is shown in a triumph. On the top, genii are taking him toward heaven, with the Sun and Zodiac, as well as people(ancestors?) greeting him.

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Stone figures like this have been found throughout Poland. These are at the archaeological museum in Gdańsk. Locals had names for some of them, seemed to consider them lucky. Likely old pagan cult images of land or boundary gods, though I'd need to look into it more to be sure.

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Langobard S-fibulae. These examples are from Italy, 7th century most likely. I have a quota of raven heads to fill.

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12th century artifact from Latvia. Fibulae with connecting chains. Similar to Viking Age styles, if I did not know, I would think this was a Norse artifact from that time. Seems the style persisted longer in the Baltic, and keep in mind there was a Norse presence there.

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A painting by Lucas Cranach. It is called "Cupid complaining to Venus". Cupid is taking a honeycomb from a beehive, and complaining that he got stung. The Latin in the corner explains the allegory, that brief pleasure and its pursuit are often attended by pain.

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From an Anglo-Saxon burial, 5th-6th century most likely. Three eggs can see seen in the pot. Why bury the dead with eggs? Think on this. This is currently in the British Museum.

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This is another example, Anglo-Saxon, 5th-6th century.

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Glassware from grave goods found at Pfahlheim, Ostalb, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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@Volcano_man_: @VarangianW There is quite a bit. For one, the most prominent god is Ukko(old man), who was often symbolized with a hammer pendant. There are also reports of Sami worshiping a Horagalles, which is Thor, down to having a bit of stone stuck in his head like in the Norse story.

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2600-2700 years old, Scythian artifact. A dagger. Found in the Tuva Republic, Russia. There are many ancient Scythian burial mounds there.

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@GraniRau Exquisite. Is it Gothic in its manufacture?
To put things into perspective, this was found in Ukraine, a Scythian artifact around 7 centuries older than this Gothic treasure.

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Another item from that Gothic treasure, 5th century. The libation bowl, I posted before. This is a large piece of jewelry(fibula) worn with a cloak or mantle. It is missing many gems, you can see the empty places where they were set. Looks like a big eagle. Was likely regalia.

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Found at an Alemanni burial site at Baden-Württemberg. 6th century. Note the circles, similar to some Scandinavian items. Wheels had been common jewelry and votive items since the European Bronze Age.

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Verucchio, Italy. Around 2700 years old. Remains of belts and metal decorations that have an interesting look, grave goods. This would be from the Villanovan Culture, early Italians.

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Pleidelsheim, Germany. 6th century. Ceramics shaped like shoes. Found in an Alemanni grave field, from the burial of a girl. Her feet had been amputated at some point when she was alive. That surely has something to do with being buried with these.

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A gold libation bowl. Found as part of a Gothic treasure hoard in Romania. From some time in the 5th century. Currently in the National Museum of Romanian History.

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This is from Herodotus. It describes something that happened within his lifetime, keep that in mind. This was not a distant event. https://t.co/ayeLxbuRpR
: I bring this up because even modern Biblical scholarship has debate over miracles, with Christians trying to argue about the plausibility of certain miracles. But the miraculous events all over pagan literature get ignored outright. How many people know about this one?

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I bring this up because even modern Biblical scholarship has debate over miracles, with Christians trying to argue about the plausibility of certain miracles. But the miraculous events all over pagan literature get ignored outright. How many people know about this one? https://t.co/LFHARoy6EN
: Whatever happened, it came out that the unprotected, small settlement of Delphi was not sacked by the Persians. Keep in mind, even Athens was afraid of this Persian host, so you'd think Delphi wouldn't have stood a chance. Granted this could have been a trap laid for the Persians

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This is from Herodotus. It describes something that happened within his lifetime, keep that in mind. This was not a distant event.

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A Langobard shield boss. 7th century. Found at one of their grave fields in Italy, used from the early period of their settlement there. A raven head triskelion. Raven head designs are in high demand nowadays, we may see a revival based around them.

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A key found around Hedeby. 10th century Denmark. It is currently in the Hedeby Viking Museum, in Germany. I have posted some keys before, but I happen to like these, so....

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Amulets made from bone. Likely 6th century. These are examples what are called Donar's Clubs. Very likely they were based on Roman Hercules club amulets. https://t.co/3JWgsMSUBF
: Roman amulets of Hercules' club. There are inscriptions that were meant to protect homes, saying things like "the son of Zeus(or Jupiter) Hercules dwells here." I am certain that the Hercules of the Germans mentioned in Tacitus and archaeology was the Roman interpretation of Thor

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Roman amulets of Hercules' club. There are inscriptions that were meant to protect homes, saying things like "the son of Zeus(or Jupiter) Hercules dwells here." I am certain that the Hercules of the Germans mentioned in Tacitus and archaeology was the Roman interpretation of Thor https://t.co/mVe0seOnTm
: Close-ups of the club of Hercules, from Greek examples, just to make the point about the design. It is always shown as knotted like that.

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Amulets made from bone. Likely 6th century. These are examples what are called Donar's Clubs. Very likely they were based on Roman Hercules club amulets.

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Fibulae from the grave goods of a woman, found in Lower Austria. 5th century. Not certain which tribal designation could be given here. The area was associated with several peoples. Langobards, Suebi, Bavarii.

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Coins found at Hedeby. Until its decline(it had been sacked by the Holy Roman Empire, Harald Hardrada, and Wends or Pomeranians) it was a major trading center. These coins have Arabic on them, probably Andalusian. Many currencies have been found, including coins minted in Denmark

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Brooch found with other grave goods, from the burial of a woman, found in a grave field in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. 5-6th century, Langobard. Be careful not to stare at it too long.

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From a richly furnished burial of a woman around Poysdorf, Austria. 5th century brooch. I really like this one. Currently in the Museum of Natural History of Vienna

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A glass drinking horn, from a 5th century burial around Leonberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Currently in the Archaeological Museum of Baden-Württemberg. From the area, it was Alemanni.

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Grave goods from a 6th century Langobard burial. From the tools, the occupant was a smith. Currently in the Museum of Prehistory in Poysdorf, Austria.

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Thor's Hammer pendants in Kalundborg Museum in Denmark. I have no way of estimating their age. I can say that the longer type here tended to be older(the design got a shorter handle later into the Viking Age, medieval period). But that is not a lot to go on, there was variation.

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Amber hammer pendants. I think the ones on the left were found in Poland, 11th to 12th century. The one on the right is in the Viking Museum of Hedeby, in Germany. So it would be Danish, likely 9th-10th century(up to the time Hedeby was destroyed).

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fasces 86%
fasces 79%
fasces 67%

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etc 97%
valknut 94%

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valknut 99%
fasces 84%
fasces 73%

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fasces 96%
runes_algiz 81%

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runes_algiz 39%

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mjolnir 99%

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totenkopf 98%
mjolnir 95%

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etc 87%
mjolnir 95%

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art_other 99%
runes_odal 59%

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totenkopf 35%
kolovrat 93%

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art_other 92%
proud boys 74%

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stars and bars 83%

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klan hood 88%
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valknut 85%

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aegishjalmur 85%

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etc 87%
star of david 76%

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celtic cross 82%
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art_other 99%
punisher 71%

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punisher 56%

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toons other 64%
mjolnir 31%

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valknut 75%
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klan hood 75%

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art_other 99%
kolovrat 71%

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art_other 59%
toons other 38%
swastika 71%

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art_other 99%
star of david 69%

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valknut 71%
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art_other 100%
vegvisir 69%

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mspaint style 93%
sonnenrad 69%

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art_other 96%
ss bolts 69%

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art_other 99%
pepe 86%

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proud boys us flag 99%
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art_other 100%
fasces 65%

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art_other 82%

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gigachad 99%
runes_odal 65%

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art_other 76%
hitler 64%

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etc 60%
art_other 38%
vegvisir 64%

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art_other 97%
reichsadler 63%

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art_other 99%
flash and circle 62%

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art_other 53%
etc 45%
valknut 62%

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skull mask 86%
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art_other 99%
reichsadler 60%

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art_other 99%

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etc 50%
freemasonry 37%

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mjolnir 59%
runes_algiz 58%

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etc 49%
art_other 45%

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art_other 98%
mjolnir 58%

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critters 82%
sonnenrad 58%

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toons other 59%
militarized 29%
sonnenrad 57%

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etc 99%

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art_other 95%
reichsadler 56%

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art_other 97%
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toons other 99%

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art_other 99%

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art_other 99%

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etc 99%

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art_other 96%

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art_other 99%

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etc 30%
swastika 27%

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art_other 50%

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art_other 99%

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etc 91%
punisher 73%

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art_other 98%
stars and bars 73%

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art_other 99%

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reichsadler 48%
etc 25%

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art_other 99%

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dial 82%

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etc 54%
punisher 70%

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art_other 97%

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art_other 86%

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art_other 100%

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totenkopf 45%
art_other 44%
punisher 68%

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art_other 96%
stars and bars 67%

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etc 93%

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art_other 52%
mjolnir 44%

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art_other 93%
punisher 66%

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etc 83%

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art_other 99%

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etc 98%
proud boys 64%

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toons other 80%

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etc 97%

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art_other 98%
punisher 63%

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etc 51%
militarized 28%

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swastika 41%

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art_other 100%

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etc 59%

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etc 95%

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art_other 70%

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art_other 99%

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etc 99%

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etc 73%
reichsadler 26%

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militarized 87%
militarized 63%

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toons other 45%
militarized 39%
militarized 78%

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Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 98%
militarized 69%

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etc 70%
militarized 56%

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Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 99%
firearm 93%

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firearm 99%
militarized 72%

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etc 98%
firearm 69%

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etc 99%
militarized 63%
militarized 56%

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art_other 99%
firearm 93%
firearm 73%

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firearm 99%

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gigachad 99%
militarized 56%

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militarized 42%
mjolnir 32%

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art_other 99%

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freemasonry 96%
gigachad 91%

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art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
anime 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
anime 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 87%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 86%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 48%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 85%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)
















Classifier 20221028131014
freemasonry 84%
militarized 79%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
critters 71%
militarized 78%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 75%
militarized 75%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 77%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 75%
militarized 74%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
gigachad 73%
militarized 72%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 71%
militarized 71%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 61%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
dial 78%
skull mask 70%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
anime 67%
art_other 30%
militarized 63%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 68%
militarized 62%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%
militarized 58%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%
militarized 57%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
anime 56%
art_other 43%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
firearm 55%
militarized 55%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
gigachad 52%
critters 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 68%
toons other 31%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
critters 68%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 92%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
critters 81%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 62%
firearm 36%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


































Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 82%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 93%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
etc 91%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 73%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 76%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 93%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
etc 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 54%
art_other 26%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 92%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 75%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
critters 58%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

















Classifier 20221028131014
mspaint style 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
etc 54%
art_other 31%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 68%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 96%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 96%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 80%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
etc 63%
swastika 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
etc 35%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 96%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
skull 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
critters 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
etc 56%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 64%
art_other 35%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 73%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 95%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 91%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
critters 47%
etc 27%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 58%
art_other 41%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 75%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 89%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 82%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 67%
mjolnir 27%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 73%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 53%
tldr 44%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
militarized 28%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 93%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 86%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 96%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%
us flag 67%
us flag 67%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


































Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 91%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
critters 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
hitler 28%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
critters 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 83%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 88%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 54%
tldr 43%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 85%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



























Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 88%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)























Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%
star of david 73%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
mspaint style 69%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 90%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 87%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 93%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 98%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 78%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 51%
art_other 47%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 92%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 75%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
logos_flags_graphics 70%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 44%
critters 29%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
critters 72%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
critters 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 39%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 50%
art_other 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 72%
toons other 26%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)
















Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)
















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 94%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
afa flags 93%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 65%

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Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 36%
art_other 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 73%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 91%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
map 62%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 79%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 91%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 42%
art_other 27%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 92%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


















Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
critters 91%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
critters 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
critters 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
etc 94%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 57%
bar graph 27%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
critters 74%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 87%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
critters 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 53%
etc 39%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 53%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 76%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
etc 79%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
critters 82%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 78%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 43%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)













Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)
















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 56%
critters 28%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 52%
logos_flags_graphics 34%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 28%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 37%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 79%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 45%
etc 34%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 71%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 88%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


























Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 92%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 86%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
critters 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
logos_flags_graphics 55%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 85%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 76%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
etc 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 91%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 45%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
logos_flags_graphics 74%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 73%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 84%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)
















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)















Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 52%
etc 47%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
etc 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
mspaint style 74%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
critters 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
etc 49%
sonnenrad 33%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 89%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 86%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
etc 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 90%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
etc 68%
char_v 31% v

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 58%
art_other 41%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
etc 69%
critters 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 74%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 81%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 68%
logos_flags_graphics 26%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 70%
critters 26%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)














Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




















Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 85%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 82%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
etc 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 88%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
hammer and sickle 51%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 94%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
happy merchant 31%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)









Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 67%
etc 25%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

Copy image with current annotations Copied to clipboard!

Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 89%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 86%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 45%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
etc 50%
critters 48%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
mspaint style 68%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
identitarian 78%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 86%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 55%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 59%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)












Classifier 20221028131014
toons other 80%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
etc 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)











Classifier 20221028131014
etc 98%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)



Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 96%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)


Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
etc 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 53%
etc 46%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)




Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 97%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
face 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 100%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)

Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)










Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 95%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)







Classifier 20221028131014
bar graph 94%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)





Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 75%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)






Classifier 20221028131014
tldr 99%

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Object Detector 20221101171408 (everything)








Classifier 20221028131014
art_other 71%
etc 27%